Proto-Nahuatl lexicon

bueno||good||kwal-||kwá-ri||eat+pass

Proto-Nahuatl Llexicon

Spanish Meaning	English Meaning	Proto-Nahuatl	pre-Nahua	pre-Nahua gloss
de los pies	foot	xo-	(ka)sí-wa	foot+al.pos
papel amate	ficus paper	ama	*hama(?)	paper, ficus
cazar	hunt	ami	ami	hunt
atlatl	spearthrower	atla-	ata-[[]]	spearthrower
piojo	louse	atemi	até-mɨ	louse+pl
testiculo	testicle	ate	até-ri	testicle+abs
agua	water	a:	ha	water
agua	water	a:l	ha-ri	water+abs
ala	wing	ahas	ha-haro	rdpl+large.bird
frijoles	beans	ye	hai	beans
ejote	string bean	yexo	hai-siwi	bean+plant
carrizo	reed	aka	haka	reed
entrar, meter	enter, insert	aki	haki	enter
arroyo, rio	stream, river	aki	ha-kí	water+house
alguién, quién	who, someone	a:kin	haki-me	who+pl
arriba	up	ahko	hako	up
subir en hombros	lift on shoulder	ahkokwi	hako-kwei	up+take
camarón, acamaya	shrimp, crayfish	akosilin	ha-kosi-ri-me	water-shrimp-abs-col
libro	book	amox	hama-wa-(t)si	ficus/paper+al.pos+dim
manantial,	spring	a:meyal-	ha-meya-ri	water+flow+pass
sed	thirst	a:miki	ha-mɨki	water+die
agarrar	grab	a:na	hana	grab
rociar, tener diarrhea	spray, have diarrhea	a:pitsa	ha-pítsa	water+blow
bañar	bathe	a:ltia	hári-tɨa	water+caus
guacamayo, papagayo	parrot, macaw	alo:	haro	macaw, large bird
garza	heron	asta-	háro-ta	heron+?
alcanzar, llegar	reach, catch (vb.)	ahsi	hasí	reach
salamandra, ajolote	salamander, tadpole	axolo:	ha-sihori-wV	water+salamander+?
ala	wing	atlapal	hatá-páɨri	broad+pad/instrument
jaguey, deposito de agua	reservoir	atekox	ha-teko-ri	water-
río	river	a:to:ya	ha-toya	water+flow
semilla, hermano mayor	seed, elder brother	ach	hátsi	seed
hormiga asquel	small ant	aska	ha-tsɨka	water?+ant
hermano mayor, líder	elder brother, leader	achkaw	hátsi-ká-wa	older.brother+agent+al.pos
primero	first	achto	hátsi-to	first+?
regañar	scold	ahwa	hawa	say
rocío	dew	awech	ha-wétsi	water+fall
ahuehuete	Montezuma cypress	a:wewe	ha-wewe	water+old
tia	aunt	awi	hawi	aunt
jugo	juice,	a:yo:	ha-yáwa	water+abstr
neblina	mist	a:yawi	ha-yawi	water+precipitation
calabaza	squash	a:yoh	hayáwi	squash
sonaja	rattle	ayakach	hayáwi-káitsi	squash+rattle
tortuga	turtle	a:yo:	hayéwi	turtle
armadillo	armadillo	ayo:-to:ch	hayéwi-taótsi	turtle+rabbit
tres	three	ye:yi	hayi	three
él/ella pronombre 3.sg.	it/she/he	yehwa/yeha	hehawa/heha	that one
derecho, recto	straight	yek	héika	straight
derecho (lado)	right side	yexka:n	héisi-kana	straight+place
viento	wind	yehyeka	héka	wind
sombra	shade	ehkawi	heká-wi	cool+vblzr
nuevo	new	yankwi:k/yenkwi:k	henkwaí-ko	new+adj
sangre	blood	yes/es	era	blood
hígado, pensamiento	liver, thought	yel- /il-	héri/hɨri	seat of thought
pesado	heavy	yetik	héti-ko	heavy+adj
maíz hervida	boiled maize	etsal	hetsa-ri	sow+abs
ellos/ellas	they	yehame/yehwan/yahan	hɨ-ha-me	3+dem.pl
pronombre 3.sg.	he/she/it	yeha/yehwa/yaha	hɨ-hewa	3+dem
pedo, excremento	fart, excrement	ihiyex	hi-hɨya-yi	something+stink+?
beber, tomar líquido	drink	i:	hii	drink
pintar/escribir/rayar	paint/write/stripe	ihkwiloa	hi-kwiri-wa	something-line-vblzr
escribir, dibujar	write, draw (vb.)	ihkwiloa	hi-kwírí-wa	something+line+vblzr
olfatear, oler	smell (perceive), olfaction	ihnekwi	hɨ-nekwi	stink+smell(perceive)
zorrillo	skunk	yepa/epa	hɨpá	skunk
petate	mat	petla	hi-péta	something+mat
despertar	wake up	ihsa	hɨsá	wake.up
ojo, cara	eye, face	i:x	hɨsi	eye/face
imagen, representación	impersonator	ixiptlah	hɨsi-pe-ta	eye/face+priv+?
ojo	eye, eyeball	i:xtelol	hɨsi-telo-ri	eye/face+ball+abs
escarbar	dig	tlachkwa	hitá-hátsi-koha	something+dig+dig
saludar	greet	tlahpaloa	hita-hi-páɨré-wa	something+something+instrument+vblzr
desgranar maiz	degrain maize	tla-oa	hita-hora	something+degrain
grano de maíz	maize grain	tlao:l	hita-hora-ri	something+degrain+pass
ropa, prenda	clothing	tlaken	hita-kémi	something+cloth
dañar	damage	ihtlakoa	hita-kó-wa	something.acc+hurt+vblzr
sabío	wise person	tlamatki	hita-máti-kaí	something+know+ag
estudiar	study	tlamachtia	hita-matsi-tɨa	something+know+caus
dar prestado	lend	tlanewi	hita-neɨwia	something+lend
pedir	ask, petition for	itlani	hi-tani	something+ask.for
rojo pigmento	red paint, cinnabar	tlapal	hita-pá-ri	something+colour+pass
cama, tapeste	bed,	tlapech	hita-pétsi	something+flat?
abrir	open	tlapoa	hita-póa	something+open
escarmenar	card, untangle, make fluffy	tlapo:china	hita-pótsíi-na	something-fluffy+vblzr
amar, desear, querer	love, desire	tlasohtla	hita-saóhta	something+desire
basura, suciedad	dirt, waste, trash	tlasolli	hita-saóri	something+waste
tortilla	tortilla	tlaxkal	hita-siká-ri	something+roast+pass
amanecer, volverse visible	dawn, become visible	tlatwi	hitá-tewí	something+be.seen
posesión	possession	tlatki	hitá-tɨkí	something+carry
barrer	sweep	tlachpana	hita-tsipá-na	something+clean+vblzr
sudor	sweat	ihtona	hi-táwina	something+heat
hablar	speak (vb.)	ihtoa	hi-téwa	something+say.tr
bailar	dance	ihtotia	hi-tɨ́wi-tɨa	something+dance+caus
pluma	feather, down	ihwi	hiwí	feather
apestar, heder	stink, smell badly	ihyaka	hɨ-yaka	stink+smell(emit)
aliento	breath	ihiyo:	hi-yaóri	breath+heart
camino	path, road	oh	ho	path
dos	two	o:me	ho:-me	two+pl
pino	pine	oko	hoko	pine
gusano	worm	okwilin	ho-kwiri	path+line?
espiar, guardar	spy, stalk, guard	ihpiya	ho-pɨ́ya/hi-pɨ́ya	path+guard/something+guard
deidad de caza, lado izquierdo	hunting deity, leftside	opoch	ho-pótsi	path+youth
		o:l	horo
moverse	move	olini	horo-ni	move+vblzr
estómago, panza, adentro	stomach, belly, inside	ihte/ihti	hotɨ́	stomach
dentro de	inside	ihtek	hotɨ́-ko	stomack+loc
embarazada	pregnant	ots	hótsa	full, inflated
difícil	difficult	ohwi	ho-wi	path+pos
doblar	fold	ilaka	ila-ka	turn+vblzr
torcer, dar vuelta	twist, turn	i:lo:ti	ila-wa-ti	turn+vblzr+vblzr
raíz	root	nelwa	inieri-wa	root+al.pos
querer, desear	want, desire, wish	ele:wia/ile:wia	ɨri-e-wia	desire+poss+provide
olvidar	forget	elka:wa/ilka:wa	ɨri-ka-wa	desire+leave
trabajar	work	elimiki	ɨri-miki	desire+die
recordar	remember	elnamiki/ilnamiki	ɨri-namiki	desire+meet
eructar	burp	elpotsa	ɨri-póotsa	liver+inflate
servirse	serve food	elteki	ɨri-teki	liver+cut
sin consideración	inconsiderately, wantonly	eliwis	ɨrɨ-wi-sV	desire+appl-fut?
secreto	secret	istla:ka	ɨtsa-ka	secret+nmlzr
secretamente	in secret	ichtaka-	ɨtsi-taka	secret+manipulate
robar	steal	ichteki	ɨtsi-taki	secret+manipulate
vida	life	yo:l	iyaóri	life
animal	animal	yo:lka	iyaóri-ka	life+ag
corazón	heart	yo:llo:/yo:lloh	iyaóri-yáwa	life+abstr
sandalía, huarache	sandal, footwear	kak	kákai	sandal
boca, mejilla	mouth, cheek	kamak	kama-ka	cheek+nmlzr
camote	sweet potato	kamoh	kamáwi	sweet.potato
no	no, not	ahmo	ka-mó	neg+dub
coyote	coyote	koyo:	kaó-yáwɨ	canine+predator/warrior
cereza	cherry	kapolin	kapóri	ball+abs
casa	house	kal	kári	house
entrar adentro,	enter inside,	kalaki	kári-hakí	house+enter
cascarón,	shell, bark	kallo	kári-yáwa	house+abstract
pie	foot, lower leg	ikxi	kasí	foot
pierna	thigh	ke:s	kási	leg
nada, ninguna cosa	nothing	ahtle	ka-tai	neg+something
estar	be (in a place)	kah/kat	kátɨ	be
dejar	leave	ka:wa	ka-wa	be+vblzr.tr
duración, tiempo	time, duration	ka:wi	ka-wi	be+vblzr
dejar	leave sth	ka:wia	ka-wi-a	be+appl+vblzr
mangosta	huron	kosah	káwi-sah	canine+?
morder	bite	ketsoma	ke-tsoma	bite-?
talón del pie	heel	ketsol	ke-tsóri	stand+snout
árbol	tree	kwawi	kɨhawi	tree, stick
parado (estar)	stand	ihkak	kɨka-ko	stand+adj
ratón	mouse	kimichin	ki-mɨtsi-me	house+moustache+pl
nieve	snow	sepa-yawi	kɨpá-yawi	cold+precipitation
luciernaga	firefly	ikpi	kɨpí	firefly
luciernaga	firefly	kopi	kɨpí	firefly
quelites	edible greens	kili/keli	kɨri	greens
salir	exit, depart	ki:sa	kí-sa	house+vblzr
levantar	stand up	ketsa	ke-tsa	stand+vblzr(intr)
Quetzal/pluma larga y verde	Quetzal bird/ long green feather	ketsal	ketsa-ri	stand+pass
cuello, forma de palo	neck, stick-shape	ke:ch	kɨ́tsi	stick
quechquemitl	poncho	kechkemi	kɨtsi-kemi	neck+cloth
llúvia	rain	kiyawi	kɨ-yawi	rain+precipitation
comprar	buy	ko:wa	ko:wa	buy/win
víbora, serpiente	snake	ko:wa	ko:-wa	snake+?
picante	spicy	koko:k	ko=ko-ko	rdpl=hurt+adj
cabeza, frente	head, forehead	kwa	kóha	forehead
enfermarse, tener dolor	hurt, be sick	kokoa	koko-wa	hurt+vblzr
comal	clay griddle	komal	koma-ri	vessel+abs
olla	pot	komi-/kon	ko-mi	pot+pl
ravín, depresion del terreno	depression, hollow, gully	komo:l	komi-wa-ri	pot+vblzr+pass
hijo, niño	child	kone:	kone:	kin
hacer bien, tener cariño	favor,	ikne:lia	koné-ɨria	kin+think
huérfano	orphan	ikno:	koné-wa	kinsman+al.pos
hermano/hermana	sibling	ikni:w	koní-wa	kinsman+al.pos
hilo	thread	ikpa	kopá	top/hair
cima, arriba	top, above	-ikpak	kopá-ko	top/hair+loc
asiento	seat	ikpal	kopá-ri	top+abs
corvado	curved, hook-shaped	koltik	kóri-tɨ-ko	curve+abs+adj
alacrán	scorpion	kolo:	koroi	arachnid/scolopendra
collar	necklace	ko:ska	kósa-ka	yellow+nmlzr
arco iris	rainbow	kosamalo:	kosa-ma-rawi	nacreous+?+precipitation
amarillo	yellow	kostik	kósa-ti-ko	yellow+rel+adj
dormir	sleep	kochi	kotsi	sleep
javelina	peccary	koyame	koya-me	peccary+pl
agujerar	bore, make hole	koyo:ni	koyo-ni	hole+vblzr
coyol, cascabel	bell	koyol	koyo-ri	shell+abs
agujero	hole	koyok	koyo-wa	hole+vblzr
comer	eat	kwa:	kwaha	eat
águila	eagle	kwaw-	kwahɨ	eagle
madurarse, cocerse	ripen, become cooked	ikwsi	kwasí	ripen, cook
capa, tela	cloak, cloth	kwach	kwátsi	cloth
falda, enagua	skirt, underskirt	kweyi	kwáyi	skirt
agarrar, quitar	take, remove	kwi:	kweí	take
moler (polvo)	grind (to powder)	kwechoa	kweí-tsiwa	dust+make
lagartija, iguana	lizard, iguana	kwetspalin	kwetsa-pári-me	lizard+flat+pl
rana	frog	kweya	kweya	frog
cantar	sing	kwi:ka	kwika	sing
rayas, obsidiana o jaspe rayada	stripes, striped obsidian	kwikwil	kwi-kwíri	rdpl+stripe
halcón	hawk	kwixin	kwísi-me	hawk-pl
excremento	excrement	kwitla	kwita	excrement
espalda	back	kwitlapan	kwita-páni	excrement+on
cola	tail	kwitlapil	kwita-pɨ́ri	excrement+appendage
cuero	leather,	kwitlax	kwita-si	excrement+skin
dar	give	ma:ka	ma:ka	give
tocar, rascar, manosear	touch, scratch, fondle	ma:taka	ma:-taka	hand+manipulate
mano	hand	ma:(i)	ma:-yi	hand+inal.pos
dedo	finger	mahpil	mah-pɨ́ri	hand+appendage
diez	ten	mahtlak	mah-tlaka	hand+body
maguey	agave	me	mai	maguey
cuerda, mecate	rope, cord	meka	mai-ka	maguey+nmlzr
mecapal	tumpline	mekapal	mai-ka-pari	maguey+nmlzr+flat
malacate	spindle whorl	malaka	ma-ila-ka	hand+turn+nmlzr
girar	spin	malakachoa	ma-ila-ka-tsiwa	hand+turn+nmlzr+make
nube	cloud	me:x/mi:x	maɨ́si	cloud, vapour
todo	all	mochi	maɨtsi	all
deidad de maguey y pulque	Maguey deity	mayawe:l	mai-yawa-ri	maguey+abstract+abs
palma de la mano	palm of hand	ma:kpal	ma-ko-pári	hand+loc+flat
cinco	five	ma:kwil	ma-kwei-ri	hand+take+pass
extender, dispersar	extend, spread out	mani/mana	mani/mana	extend horizontally
mañana	tomorrow	mo:stla	maosa-ta	tomorrow+loc
mapache	raccoon	mapach	ma-pátsi	hand+?
cautivo	captive	ma:l	mári	hand+abs
venado	deer	masa:	masá	deer
red	net	matla	matá	net
saber	know	mati	mati	know
al parecer, conocimiento	apparently, knowledge	mach	mátsi	know
metate	grindstone	metla	meta	grindstone
mano del metate	grindstone pestle	metlapil	meta-pɨ́ri	grindstone+attachment
luna	moon	me:ts	metsa	moon
lejos, distante	far, distant	wehka	mɨhka	far
flecha	arrow	mi-	mɨi	arrow
picar, perforar	pierce, perforate	mina/mini	mɨí-na/ni	arrow+vblzr
mucho	many, much	miyak	mɨíya	many, much
morir	die	miki	mɨ́ki	die
inframundo de muertos	death realm	miktla:n	mɨ́ki-tana	dead+loc.poss
campo de maíz	maize plantation	mil	mɨ́ra	maize
felino	feline	mis-	mɨ́sa	feline
pez, pescado	fish	michin	mɨ́tsi-me	catfish/moustache+pl
espíga de maíz	maize tassel	miyawa	mɨ́ya-wa	maize.tassel+al
hacer espuma	make foam	momolotsa	mo=moro-tsa	rdpl=foam+vblzr
yerno	son in-law	mo:n	móne	son in-law
mole, salsa hervida	sauce	mo:l	móro-[[]]	sauce
burbujear al hervir	boil, bubble	moloni	móro-ni	bubble, foam+vblzr
apedrear	stone, throw stones	mo:tla	mota	throw
brotar, manar (liquido)	spring, flow (liquid)	ma:ni	maanei
trabajador de pluma	feather worker	a:ma:nte:ka	n/a	n/a
plato	plate, flat bowl	kaxitl	n/a	n/a
carne	meat, flesh	naka	naka	opuntia.pad
oreja	ear	nakas	nakasa	ear
querer, desear	want, desire, like	neki	naki	want
encontrarse	meet	na:miki	namiki	meet
responder	answer	nankilia	námikí-ria?
madre	mother	na:n	nána	mother
hongo	mushroom	nanaka	na-naka	rdpl=opuntia
ladrar	bark	nanaltsa/nanalka	na-nara-tsa/ka	rdpl+cry+vblzr
abrazar	embrace, hug	napaloa	napári-wa	embrace
lado opuesto	other side	nal	nari	other side
mezclar	mix	neloa	naro-wa	mix+vblzr
cenizas	ashes	nex	nási	ashes
nixtamal	nixtamal (maize boiled w. lime)	ne:xtamal	nasi-tɨma-ri	ashes+steam+pass
junto a	close to	-na:wak	nawa-ko	root+loc
nagual	sorcerer	nawal	nawá-ri	steal+abs
responder, mandar	respond, order	na:wa-tia	nawa-tia	announce+caus
cuatro	four	nawi	nawi	four
nopal	nopal pad	nohpal	náwo-pári	opuntia+flat
tuna	prickly pear	no:ch-	náwo-tsi	opuntia+point
vender	sell	nemaka/namaka	ne-maka	rcpr+give
vivir, andar	live, walk around	nemi	nemi	walk
vágina	vulva	nene	nene	tongue(?)
lengua (de la boca)	tongue	nenepil	nene-pɨ́ri	tongue+appendage
verdadero	truth	ne:l	nieri	see
aparecer	appear	ne:si	nieri	see
yo	I	neha/nehwa/naha	nɨ-hewa	1Sg+dem
hablar	speak	no:ka	nio-ka	speak+vblzr
hablar a alguién	speak to someone, address	no:tsa	nio-tsa	speak+vblzr.tr
hombre adulto, varón	adult man	okich	oki-tsi	man+nmlzr
hueso	bone	omi	omɨ	bone
olote	center of corn cob	olo:	ora-(ri)-wa	degrain+pas-al.poss
hule	rubber	o:l	oro	ball
jaguar	jaguar	ose:lo:	ouse-rawɨ	big.cat+predator
caña	cane	owa	owa	cane
alegre, estar feliz	happy, be	pa:ki	pa:ki	be.happy
derritir	melt (vb.)	pa:ti	pa:-ti	water+vblzr
medicina, veneno	medicine, poison	pah	páha	medicine
curar	cure, heal	pahti	páha-ti	medicine+vblzr
instrumento, cosa plana	tool, flat thing	pal	páɨre	tool/pad.shape
ayudar	help	pale:wia	páɨré-wia	flat.tool+supply
tejón/coati	coati	pesoh-	páisɨwi	coati
lavar	wash	pa:ka	pá-ka	water+vblzr
en, sobre	on	pan	[[]]-pá-na	up+loc.poss
sobrepasar	surpass (vb. tr.)	panawia	pána-wia	on+supply
arriba	up	pani	pá-ni	on-loc
causa	cause	-pampa	[[]]-páni-pa	up+loc
pasar, cruzar (vb tr.)	pass, cross (vb tr.)	panoa	páni-wa	on+vblzr
pasar, cruzar	pass, cross (vb intr.)	pano	páni-wi	on+move
aletear	flutter wings	papatlaka	pa-pátla-ka	rdpl+become.broad+vblzr
clavarse al agua	dive in	polaki	pári-haki	water+enter
mojado	wet	paltik	pá-ri-tɨa	water+abs+caus
hacer trueque, cambiar	swap, change	patla	páta	swap
volar	fly	patla:ni	páta-ni	broad+vblzr
ancho, volverse	become broad	patla:wa	páta-wa	broad+vblzr
jugar al azar	play game of chance	patoa	pátiwa	price+vblzr
precio, premio	price	pati:w	páti-wa	price+al.pos
juego de azar	game of chance	pato:lli	páti-wa-ri	price+al.pos+abs
aplastar, hacer pulpa	mash	patsa:wa	pá-tsa-wa	on-vblzr-vblzr
heno	moss	pach	pátsi	on-dim
apretar, aplastar	press,	pachoa	pá-tsiwa	on.top+make
exprimir	squeeze our liquid	pa:tska	pátso-ka	squeeze+vblzr
peyote	peyote	peyo:	peo-yáwa	peyote+abstr
hacer liso	make smooth, flatten	petla:wa	péta-wa	flat-vblzr
empezar, quitar, hacer soltar	begin, detach, peel	pe:wa	pé-wa	priv+vblzr
soplar	blow	pi:tsa	pí:tsa	blow, make thin
angosto, delgado	thin	pi:tsawak	pí:tsa-wa-ko	thin+vblzr+adj
abeja	bee	pipiyolin	pɨ=pɨ́yi-wari-me	rdpl=bee+?+pl
semilla, hueso de fruta	seed (of fruit)	pi:ts-	pɨɨ́tsV	seed
guardar, tener	guard, keep, hold	piya	pɨ́ra	hold/tie
bebé, niño	baby, child	pil	pɨ́ri	appendage
atar, amarrar	tie, bind	ilpia	pɨrí-ha	hold/tie+vblzr
colgado, estar	hanging, be	pilka	pɨ́ri-ka	appendage+vblzr
colgar, estar pegado a	hang, be attached	piloa	pɨ́ri-wa	appendage+vblzr
jabalí	peccary	pitso	pítsa-wa	blow-al.pos
besar	kiss	pitsoa	pɨ̒tse-wa
humo	smoke (n.)	po:k	pó:ka	steam+vblzr
inflar	inflate	potsa	pó:-tsa	steam+vblzr
humear	smoke (vb)	popo:ka	po-pó:-ka	rdpl+steam+vblzr
trunco, cortado	stub	-po:l	póri	stub
destruir, perecer	destroy, dissappear,	poloa/poliwi	póri-wa/wi	stub+vblzr
		poliwi	pori-wi
		poloa	poro-wa
hincharse	swell	posa:wa	pósa:-wa	swell+vblzr
hervir	boil	posoni	póso-ni	boil+vblzr
pozole	pozole stew	posol	póso-ri	boil+pass
ceiba	kapok/cottonwood tree	po:cho:	pótsíi-wa	fluffy+al.poss
mercader	merchant	pochteka	pótsi-teka	ceiba+gentility
decir	tell (vb.)	ilwia	rewí-ha	say.intr+vblzr
cielo	sky	ilwika	rewíka	sky
volar	fly	sayolin	sai-hori	fly+flying.insect
zacate	grass	saka	saka	grass
esquite, maíz tostado	roast maize kernels	iski	sakí	roast (vb.)
codorniz	quail	so:lin	saori-me	quail+pl
hoja	leaf/to sprout	ixwa/iswa	sawá	leaf
uno	one	se:/se:n	se:mi	one
frio	cold	sese:k	se=se-ko	rdpl+cold+adj
entumecerse	become numb	sepowa	sek-pówa	cold+?
apagarse, apaciguarse	calm, become cold	sewi/sewia	sek-wi	cold+vblzr
sólo, solitario	alone, only	se:l	se-ri	one+abs
frio, estar	cold, be	se:+wi/a	se-wi	cold+vblzr
adobe	adobe	xa:mi	siha-mi	sand+pl
arena	sand	xa:l	siha-ri	sand+abs
agrio	sour	xoko:k	sihɨ-ko-ko	sour+adj+adj
compañero, paje	companion, page	xolo:	siho-rawɨ	star+predator
dividir	divide	xeloa/xeliwi	siɨ-ri-wa/wi	split+pass+vblzr
tostar	roast	ixka	siká	roast (vb.)
jícara	bowl	xikal	si-kari	skin/peel+container
sóbaco, axila	armpit	itskal	siká-ri	arm+abs
ombligo, cuerda umbilical	navel, umbilical cord	xik	síku	navel
maíz	maize	sen /sin	sɨ́nɨ	maize
mujer, hembra	woman, female	siwa:	sɨ́ni-wa	wife+ali?
deidad de venus	venus deity	xo:lo:	sió-rawɨ	star+predator
arruga, pliegue	wrinkle, fold	xoloch	sióro-tsi	fold+small
estrella	star	sitla:lin	sɨ́otari-me	minor.star.twin+pl
pelar, desollar	peel, flay	xipewa	si-pé-wa	skin/peel+priv-vblzr
jilote	baby corn	xi:lo	síra-wa	jilote+al.pos
resbalar, deslizarse	slide,	xitlani	sitani	slide, slip
uña, garra	nail, claw	iste/isti	sɨtɨ́	nail/claw
jitomate	tomato	xito:ma	si-toma	skin+tomato
flor	flower	xo:chi	síwa-tsi	flower
olla	pot	xok-	síwe-ka	pot+nmlzr
hierba, planta	herb, plant	xiwi	siwi	plant
liebre	hare	sih-	sɨwi	hare
fruta	fruit	xoko	siwi-ko
cebolla	onion	xonaka	síwɨ-naka	onion+opuntia.pad
temprada de llúvia	rainy season	xo:pan	síwi-páni	plant+on
brotar, florear, destellar	bloom, flash,	xo:tla	siwi-ta	leaf+vblzr
año	year	xiwi	siwi-wi	plant?+year?
mojarse	become wet (vb)	siyawi	sɨyawi	wet
ensartar, perforar	insert, pierce	so	so	pierce
abuela (materna)	grandmother (maternal)	sih-	su	grandmother (maternal)
nacer	be born	tla:kati	ta:ka-ti	ta:ka+vblzr
algo, lo que	something, what, that	tle/tay	tahi
subir	ascend	tlehko	tahika-wi	?+vblzr
fogón, hogar	fireplace	tlekwili	tahi-kwi-ri
tuza	gopher	to:san	tahó-sa-me	rodent+mid?+pl
fuego, lumbre	fire	tle	tai	fire
carbón	coal, charcoal	tleko:l	tai-kóa-ri	fire+eat+pass
fruto	fruit	tlakil	taki-ri	give.fruit+pass
bastón	staff	tlako	tako	stick
lanza, dardo	spear, dart	tlakoch	takó-tsi	stick+point
tlacuache	opossum	tlakwatsin	takwatsi
medir	measure	tamachi:wa	tama?-tsiwa	measure+do
diente	tooth	tla:n	táme	tooth
arco (arma)	bow	tlawito:l	ta-mɨi-tori	something+pierce+reed
abajo de	under, at	tlan	[[]]-tá-na	loc+loc.pos
abajo	down	tlani	[[]]-táni	loc+loc
rodilla	knee	tla:nkwa:	táno-kwa	knee+head
conejo	rabbit	to:ch	tao-tsi	rodent+small
quebrar	break	tlap:ana	tapana	break
correr	run	tlaloa	tara-wa	foot+vblzr
quemarse	burn (vb. intr.)	tlatla	tata	burn
rojo	red	tlatlawki	ta-tawi-kai	rdpl+light+perf
quemar	burn (vb. tr.)	tlatia	tati-a	burn+vblzr
junto a	by, beside	te:ch	[[]]-ta-tsi	loc/acc+loc/acc
juego de pelota	ballgame	tlach-	tátsi	ballgame
emborracharse	drunk, become	tlawa:na	tawáa-na	be.drunk+vblzr
guajolota	turkey hen	toto:li	táwari	turkey.hen/egg
halcón	hawk	tloh	táwi	hawk
cerca de	close to	tlok	táwi-ko	torso+loc
calentar	heat (vb)	to:na	táwi-na	light+vblzr
dia, sol	day, sun	to:nal	táwina-ri	calentar+pass
rayo de sol	sun ray	tonalmiyo/tonalmeyo	táwina-ri-mɨi-yawa	heat+pass+arrow+abstract
luz	light	tlawil	tawí-ri	sun/light+abs
piedra, roca	stone, rock	te	te	stone
hermano menor	younger brother	te:ikka:w	te:-ku-ká-wa	someone+little.brother+agent+al.pos
nosotros	we	tehame/tehwan	tehame	1p.pl. Pron
pedernal	flint	tekpatl	teka-pa	vitreous.rock+flat?
cortar	cut	teki	teki	cut
tecomate	gourd vessel/calabash	tekoma	te-koma	stone?+vessel
búho	owl	tekolo:tl	teko-rawɨ	owl+predator
señor, dueño, líder	lord, chief	tekw-	tekowa	owner/chief
cocer o bañarse al vapor	cook or bathe in steam	tema	tema	steam/bake
tamal	tamal	tamal	tema-ri	steam+pass
temazcal	steambath	temaskal	tema-sV-kari	steam-fut?-house
bajar	descend	temo	tema-wi
soñar	dream	temiki	temɨki	dream
labio, orilla	lip, edge	te:n	téni	mouth
	pout	te:mpotsa	téni-pótsa	lip+inflate
cerro, montaña	hill, mountain	tepe:	tepe	tall
pulga	flea	tekpin	te'pi-me	louse+pl
pescadito	small fish	topoh	tepo	fish
tambor de tronco	log drum	teponas	tepo-na-sa	cut+vblzr+nmlzr
metal, cobre	metal, copper	tepos	tepo-ra	cut+instr?
truncado, tronco	stub, trunk	tepol	tepo-ri	cut+pass
peñasco, horno	cliff, rock overhang, oven	texkal	teri-kari	rock-house
tejolote	pestle	texolo	tesi-wa-riwa	grind+pass+instr
cueva	cave	osto	tesó	cave
espejo de obsidiana	obsidian mirror	teska	téso-ka	cave+nmlzr
Tezcatlipoca (deidad)	Tezcatlipoca (deity)	teskatlipoka	tesoka-tɨ-poka	mirror-abs-youth
tezontle	porous volcanic rock	teson	tesoni	porous volcanic rock
montículo, piramide	stone mound, pyramid/temple	tetel	te-teri	rdpl+rock
ardilla	squirrel	techalo:	tetsi-(arVwV?)
polvo	dust	tew	tewa	dust, earth
ver	see (vb.)	itta	tewá	see (vb.tr.)
"sembrar, plantar	enterrar"	sow, plant, bury	toka	téwa-ka	dust/earth+vblzr
nombrar	name (vb.)	to:ka	téwa-ka	name+vblzr
nombre	name	to:kayi	téwa-ka-yi	name+nmlzr+inal
amanecer, volverse visible	dawn, become visible	itwi	tewí	see (vb.unacc)
tirar, lanzar	throw	tla:sa	tɨasa	throw
tierra	earth, ground, soil	tla:l	tɨha-ri	earth+abs
poner	put, place sth.	tla:lia	tɨhari-a	earth+vblzr
deidad de fertilidad, agua, abundancia	deity of fertility, water and abundance	tlalok	tɨhari-wa-kai	earth+pos+ag
tú	you (sg,)	teha/tehwa/taha	tɨ-hewa	2sg. Pron
mercado, tianguis	market	tiyankis	tɨiya-nV-kí-sa	sell+?+house+instr?
media noche	midnight	tikatla	tɨka-ta	night+loc
cargar (cosas pequeñas)	carry (small things)	itki	tɨkí	carry (small things)
buscar	search	temoa	tɨmá-wa	see+vblzr
tizne	soot	tlil-	tɨ́ri	soot
jalar	pull	tila:na/tela:na	tɨ́ra-hana	child?/foot?+grab
patear	kick	teliksa	tɨri-kesa-[[]]	foot?-step.on
muchacho, joven	young man	te:lpoka/te:lpoch	tɨri-po-ka/tsi	boy+peer+nmlzr
capa	cloak	tilmah	tɨroma	cloak
gis	chalk	ti:sa	tɨ́sa	chalk
moler (en metate)	grind (on grind stone)	tesi/tisi	tɨsi	grind
sol, deidad	sun, deity	teo:	tɨ-yaw	1p.pl.poss+father
hambre	hunger	teosiwi	tɨyaw-siwi	deity+sickness
derramar, verter	spill, overflow	to:ya:wa	to:ya-wa
engordecerse	become fat	toma:wa	toma:-wa	belly+vblzr
tule	cattail reed	to:lin	tori-me	cattail+pl
sal	salt	ista-	tosa	white
blanca	white	istak	tosa-ko	white+adj
voz, garganta	voice, throat	to:ska	toso-ka
pájaro	bird	to:to:	toto	beautiful?
hilar	spin	tsa:wa	tsa:wa	spin
tilapia, mojarra	tilapia	tsapa	tsapá	fish
	split	tsa:yana	tsaya-na	split+vblzr
mirar, observar	watch (vb.)	chi:ya	tseí-ya	watch+vblzr
cerrar	close	tsakwa	tsekwa	close, make stick
filo de obsidiana	obsidian knife	its-	tsɨ	point
hacer	do, make	chi:wa	tsí:wa	do
chichicaztle	stinging nettle	chichikas	tsi=tsika-sa	rdpl+ant+?
turquesa	turquoise	chalchihui	tsiari-siwi	sand+plant
algodón	cotton	ichka	tsiká	cotton? Down
hormiga	ant	tsika	tsɨ́ka	ant
fortalecer	become strong	chika:wa	tsika-wa	??
peine	comb	tsekawas-	tsɨka-wasa	comb+instr
perro	dog	itskwin	tsɨkɨí-me	dog+pl
gancho, garrote	hook, elbow	chikol	tsiko-ri	crooked+abs
seis	six	chikwase:n	tsiko-se	crooked+one
brincar, correr	jump, run	tsekwini/tsikwini	tsɨkwinai	jump
escudo	shield	chimal	tsi-ma-ri	point+hand+abs
limpiar	clean	tsopa	tsipá	clean
limpio	clean	chipa:wa	tsipá-wa	clean+vblzr
limpio	clean	chipa:wak	tsipá-wa-ko	clean+vblzr+adj
muchacha, joven	young woman	ichpoka/ichpoch	tsi-pó-ka/tsi	point?+peer+nmlzr
chile	chili	chi:l	tsi-ri	singe+abs
mamar	suckle	chichin:a	tsitsi-na	suckl+vblzr
amargo	bitter	chichi:k	tsi-tsípɨ-ko	rdpl+bitter+adj
seno, pecho de mujer	breast	chichi:wa:l	tsitsi-wari	suckle+basket
llorar	cry	cho:ka	tsiwaka	cry
zopilote	vulture	tsohpilo:	tsiwi-pɨ-rawɨ	male turkey+predator
huir	flee	choloa	tsiwi-riwa?
chía	chia	chiye	tsiya-hai	grease+bean
chapulín	grasshopper	chapolin	tsiya-pori-me	grease+flying.insect-pl
grasa	grease, fat	chiyawa	tsiyawa	grease
coser	sew	tsohtsoma	tsoma	sew
moco	mucus, snot	tsompil	tsoma-pɨri	mucus+attachment
vello	body hair,	tsomi	tsomi	body hair
cabeza, cráneo	head, skull	tsontekoma	tsomi-tekoma	hair+vessel
pegar	hit, slap	tsotsona	tsona	hit
cabello	hair	tsonkal	tsoni-kari	hair+house
terminar, cerrar un lienzo	finish a woven cloth	tsopi	tsopa	finish
clavar, picar, insertar	insert, pierce	tsoponi/tsopona	tsopo-ni	sit
pala (para tejer)	batten	tsotsopas	tsotso-pari	cloth+tool
ropa, tela, textil	cloth, textile, clothes	tsohtsol	tsotso-ri	cloth+pass/abs
murciélago	bat	tsinaka/tsonaka	tsú-naká	dog+ear
monstruo esqueletal	skeletal monster	tsitsimi	tsu-tsumi	rdpl-bone
chaparro, enano	short person, dwarf	tsa:pa	tsaapa	short person
hombre, persona	man, human, person	tla:ka	taaka	human
tarde, atardecer	late, afternoon	tlahka	taakai	late
secarse	dry, become	waki	wa-ki	dry (intr.)
sauce	willow	wexo:	wasiwe	willow
secar	dry (vb.tr)	watsa	wa-tsa	dry (tr.)
amaranto	pigweed	waw-	wawe	amaranth
golondrina	swallow	awiwitska	wawitska	swallow
espina	thorn	wets/wits	wetsa	thorn
caer	fall	wetsi	wetsi	fall
guajolote	male turkey	wecho	we-tsiwi	big+male turkey
guajolote	male turkey	wexolo	we-tsiwi-rawɨ	big+male turkey+predator
viejo	old	we:we	we-we	rdpl+old
viejito	old man	we:weh	we-wet	rdpl+old
grande	big	we:yi	weyi	big
llevar	bring	wi:ka	wi:-ka	move+vblzr
llegar, venir	arrive,come	wi:ts	wi:-tsa	move+vblzr
coa	digging stick	wik	wika	digging stick
hacia	towards	wi:k	[[]]-wi-ko	all+loc
huilota, paloma	pigeon, dove	wilo:	wiro	pigeon
blusa	blouse	wipil	wipíri	net+abs
jalar	pull	wila:na/wela:na	wɨra-hana	?-grab
consuegro	co-parent in-law	wexi	wɨsi	affinal kin
golpear	beat, hit	witeki	wite-ki	hit+vblzr
espina	thorn	wits/wets	wɨtsa	thorn
colibrí,	hummingbird	witsili	wi-tsɨrɨ	bird+bird
pericón	marigold	yaw	yawi	precipitation
ir	go	yawi	ya-wi	be/sit+move
enemígo, guerrero	enemy, warrior	yao:-	yawɨ-wa	predator+al.poss
ser	to be	ye	ye	be
madre	mother	ye	ye	mother
naríz	nose	yeka(tsol)	yeka-tsori	nose+snout
intentar, practicar, probar	try, practice, taste	yekoa	yeki-wa	try+vblzr
aguacate	avocado	awaka/ewaka	yewa-ka	skin+nmlzr
maíz azul	blue corn	ya:wi	yɨawi	blue
calientito, placentero, suave	leasant, soft, luke warm	yemani	yɨmani	luke warm
elote	fresh corn cob	ye:lo:	yɨra-wa	sprout+al.poss
noche	night	yo:wal	yɨwa-ri	become.dark+pass
tener prisa	hurry	ihsiwi	[[]]	hurry
espina, ahuate	prickly hair/thorn	ahwa	[[]]
aromatico	fragrant	ahwiya	[[]]
volverse baboso	become slimy	alawa	[[]]
necesidad, hambre, avaricia	need, hunger, greed	apis	[[]]
encino	oak	awa	[[]]
sentir placer, jugar	feel pleasure, play	awia	[[]]
juguete	toy	awil	[[]]
posesión, pertenencia	belonging, property	axka:i	[[]]
ahora	now	axka:n	[[]]
hacer	do	ayi	[[]]
casa, hogar	home	cha:n	[[]]
saliva	spittle	chicha	[[]]
chiquihuite, cesto	basket	chikiwi	[[]]
viejita	old woman	ilama	[[]]
criar	raise, give sustenance	iskali	[[]]
retoñar	sprout anew	itsmolini	[[]]
mandar	send	iwa	[[]]
inebriarse, intoxicarse	become inebriated	iwinti	[[]]
llenarse	become full/satisfied	ixwia	[[]]
engañar	cheat	kahkayawa	[[]]
cuervo	crow	kakalo	[[]]
cacao	cacao/cocoa	kakawatl	[[]]
escuchar, oír	hear	kaki	[[]]
ensuciar	become dirty	katsawa	[[]]
bolsa, costal	sack	kimil	[[]]
incienso de copal	incense	kopal	[[]]
corona, diadema	crown, headdress	kopil	[[]]
cortar	cut off	koto:na/koto:ni	[[]]
tobillo	lower leg, ankle	kots	[[]]
enojarse	be angry	kwa:lani	[[]]
volver, regresar, voltear	return, turn around	kwepa	[[]]
cargar	carry	mama/meme	[[]]
merecer	deserve	masewa/masewi	[[]]
miedo, respeto	fear, respect	mawi	[[]]
hambre	hunger	maya:na	[[]]
esparcir	scatter	mayawa/mayawi	[[]]
fluir	flow	me:ya	[[]]
enderezar, ser verdad	straighten, be true	mela:wa	[[]]
pantorilla	calf	mets	[[]]
mucho(s)	many, much	miyak/miek	[[]]
vanamente, en balde	vainly	ne:n	[[]]
nectar, miel, aguamiel,	nectar, honey, sweet sap	nekw	[[]]
mudo, tartamudo	mute, stutter	nempo	[[]]
entonces	then	niman	[[]]
pulque	pulque (fermented maguey juice)	ok	[[]]
exudación de la piel		oxi	[[]]
podrirse	rot	palani	[[]]
mariposa	butterfly	papalo:	[[]]
tener pena	become ashamed	pina:wa	[[]]
limpiar	clean	poa	[[]]
búho, lechuza	owl	poxakwa	[[]]
podrir, ennegrecerse	become black/rotten	poxewa	[[]]
grano de la piel	boil of the skin, grain, pox	sawa	[[]]
recibir, aceptar	receive	selia	[[]]
tierno	tender	selik	[[]]
enternecerse	become tender, fresh	seliya	[[]]
enfermedad	disease	siwis-	[[]]
lodo	mud	soki	[[]]
sapo	toad	tamasolin	tema-sori-me
tanate	basket for tortillas	tanah	[[]]
acostar	lay	te:ka	[[]]
llenar	fill	temi	[[]]
gemir	moan	tena	[[]]
pared, barda	wall	tenami	[[]]
pequeño	little	tepitsin/tepito:n	[[]]
duro	hard	tepitstik	[[]]
tronco cortado	stub	tepol	[[]]
trunco	stubby, stubbed	tepontik	[[]]
espalda, lomo	back	tepots	[[]]
asombro	wonder	tetsawi	[[]]
curadora, partera	curer, midwife	tisi	[[]]
mandar	send	titlani	[[]]
mitad	half	tlahko	[[]]
terminar	finish	tlami	[[]]
cedro, ciprés	cypress, cedar	tlatskan	[[]]
odio, ira	hate	tlawe:li	[[]]
excremento, suciedad	excrement, filth	tlayel	[[]]
seguir	follow	toka	[[]]
araña	spider	toka	[[]]
desatar	untie	toma	[[]]
nacer ampollas	get blisters,	tomoni	[[]]
totomoxtle	dry maize leaves	totomoch	[[]]
gritar	yell	tsahtsi	[[]]
zapote	Sapotaceae /manilkara	tsapo	[[]]
pequeño, chiquito	little	tsiki	[[]]
sonar (como campana)	ring, resound	tsilini	[[]]
base, fondo, diminutivo, honorifico	base, butt, honorific, diminutive	tsin	[[]]
chipil	weaning child,	tsipi	[[]]
mezquino	wart,	tsoka	[[]]
dulce	sweet	tsopelik	[[]]
freir	fry	tsoyoni	[[]]
poder	able	weli	[[]]
hermana	sister	weltiw	[[]]
pintarse la cara	paint one's face	xa:wa	[[]]
cara	face	xa:yak	[[]]
romperse, estallar, collapsar	collapse,	xitini	[[]]
orines	urine	xixa	[[]]
pato	duck	xomo	[[]]
rodear	surround, encircle	yawaloa/yewaloa	[[]]
alzarse, desconectarse, sentarse, levantarse, irse	ascend, lift, peel, let go, get up, leave	ye:wa/e:wa	[[]]
bastón	staff	topil	[[]]
desprender, quitar, sacar	disconnect, remove, take out	kopini/kopina	[[]]
caja	box, chest	top	[[]]
revivir, animar, sustentar	revive, nurture, come to life	iskalia	sɨkária
padecer,	ail, be ill	-siwi	[[]]-sɨ̒wi
buho	owl	mo-moh	mɨhɨ
temer, tener miedo	fear, be afraid	ma:wi	maha-wi
rojo	red	chi-chiltik	tsíra-tí-ko