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This is a list of [[Eudeve]] vocabulary from [[Pennington, Campbell W. 1981. Arte y vocabulario de la lengua dohema, heve o eudeva: Anónimo (siglo XVII). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas.|Pennington (1981)]], it does not include the full word list, but only those items for which I have found cognates in other SUA languages. Eudeve is one of the three Ópatan languages: Teguima, Eudeve, and Jova. Eudeve is also called ''Dohema'' which means "people" and is cognate with ''Yoreme'' the endonym of the Cahitan peoples. [[Shaul, David L. 1983. The Position of Opata and Eudeve In Uto-Aztecan. Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics.|Shaul (1983)]] argues Ópatan and Cahitan was adjacent dialects but that Ópatan diverged from the latter because of contact with Tepiman languages.
This is a list of [[Eudeve]] vocabulary from [[Pennington, Campbell W. 1981. Arte y vocabulario de la lengua dohema, heve o eudeva: Anónimo (siglo XVII). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas.|Pennington (1981)]], it does not include the full word list, but only those items for which I have registered cognates in other SUA languages. Eudeve is one of the three Ópatan languages: Teguima, Eudeve, and Jova. Eudeve is also called ''Dohema'' which means "people" and is cognate with ''Yoreme'' the endonym of the Cahitan peoples. [[Shaul, David L. 1983. The Position of Opata and Eudeve In Uto-Aztecan. Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics.|Shaul (1983)]] argues Ópatan and Cahitan were adjacent dialects in a Taracahitan dialect continuum and Ópatan diverged from Cahitan because of contact with Tepiman languages.


;'''Affixes'''
; Affixes
:-''n'' verb formant/present tense
: {{term|eud:-n}} 'verb formant/present tense'
:-''wa'' verb formant
: {{term|eud:-wa}} 'verb formant'
:-''na'' verb formant
: {{term|eud:-na}} 'verb formant'
:-''ei'' color word formant
: {{term|eud:-ei}} 'color word formant'
:-''t'' nominal absolutive suffix
: {{term|eud:-t}} 'nominal absolutive suffix'
:-''ri'' nominal absolutive suffix
: {{term|eud:-ri}} 'nominal absolutive suffix'
:-''r'' nominal absolutive suffix
: {{term|eud:-r}} 'nominal absolutive suffix'
:''ne''- reciprocal action prefix
: {{term|eud:ne-}} 'reciprocal action prefix'
:''hi''- antipassive/intransitivizing prefix; ''hita''- accusative form of ''hi-''
: {{term|eud:hi-}} 'antipassive/intransitivizing prefix
:-''tude'' causative suffix
: {{term|eud:hita-}} 'accusative form of {{term|eud:hi-}}
:-''tuu'' "become X" suffix
: {{term|eud:-tude}} 'causative suffix'
:-''tsi'' diminutive suffix
: {{term|eud:-tuu}} '"become X" suffix'
: {{term|eud:-tsi}} 'diminutive suffix'


 
{{entry list|eud}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Eudeve vocabulary
|-
! Word !! Meaning!! Source form !! Source Meaning!! Source !! Cognates
|-
|'''''barína-n''''' || soften|| barínan  || ablandar ||OPA1:99 || [[*pari-]] "water"
|-
|'''''mumúwo''''' || bee ||mumúhuo  ||abeja ||OPA1:99 ||
|-
|'''''hétspuwa-n'''''||open ||hétzpuvan/hiopuvan || abrir ||OPA1:99 || [[-puwa]] "open"
|-
|'''''tsóna-n'''''||slap||zónan ||abofetear ||OPA1:99|| [[*tsona]] "hit, slap"
|-
|'''''tóni''''' ||  hot|| tóni || acalenturado || OPA1:100 ||
|-
|'''''saamí''''' ||  adobe|| saamí || adobe (loan) || OPA1:100 || From Nahua ''xamitl''
|-
|'''''ba-t''''' ||  water|| bat || agua || OPA1:101 || *[[pa]] "water"
|-
|'''''dúki''''' ||  rainstorm|| dúqui || aguacero || OPA1:101 || *[[yuku]] "rain"
|-
|'''''páwe''''' ||  eagle|| páve || aguila || OPA1:101 || *[[kwawe]] "eagle"
|-
|'''''wa-héka''''' ||  air, wind|| vahéca || aire || OPA1:101 || *[[héka]] "wind"
|-
|'''''wasá-t''''' ||  poplar|| vasát || álamo || OPA1:102 ||
|-
|'''''chin''''' ||  cotton|| chin || algodón || OPA1:102 || *[[tsini]] "cotton"
|-
|'''''hísi''''' ||  soul|| hísi || alma || OPA1:102 ||
|-
|'''''naké-n''''' ||  love|| naquén || amar || OPA1:102 || *[[Nake|naki]] "want"
|-
|'''''chipué-n''''' ||  bitter|| chipuén || amargo || OPA1:102 || *[[tsipu]] "bitter"
|-
|'''''vurá-n''''' ||  tie (vb.)|| vurán || amarrar || OPA1:103 || *[[pura]] "tie, bind"
|-
|'''''mará-n''''' ||  throw rocks|| máran || apedrear || OPA1:104 || *[[mota]] "throw rocks"
|-
|'''''tsoro-pa-n''''' ||  wrinkle (vb.)|| zorópan || arrugar || OPA1:105 || *[[sioro]] "wrinkle"
|-
|'''''musí-t''''' ||  catfish|| musít || bagre || OPA1:106 || *[[musi]] "moustache"
|-
|'''''taará-t''''' ||  clay|| taarát || barro || OPA1:107 || *[[taara]] "foot?" or [[*taara2]] "clay"
|-
|'''''hi-á-n''''' ||  drink|| hián || beber || OPA1:107 || *[[hi]] "drink"
|-
|'''''sut-ei''''' ||  white|| sútei || blanco || OPA1:107 ||
|-
|'''''keró''''' ||  amaranth|| queró || bledo || OPA1:107 || *[[keri]] "edible green"
|-
|'''''tení-t''''' ||  mouth|| tenít || boca || OPA1:108 || *[[teni]] "mouth"
|-
|'''''tsoní-t''''' ||  head|| zonít || cabeza || OPA1:108 || *[[tsoni]] "hair"
|-
|'''''wetsé-n''''' ||  fall|| huetzén || caer || OPA1:109 || *[[Wetse|wetsi]] "fall"
|-
|'''''bitá-n''''' ||  defecate|| bítan || cagar || OPA1:109 || *[[kwita]] "defecate"
|-
|'''''teko-ri''''' ||  || tecori || cajete || OPA1:109 ||
|-
|'''''kamá''''' ||  squash|| camá || calabaza || OPA1:109 || *[[kamawi]] "sweet potato"
|-
|'''''bara''''' ||  squash|| bara || otra calabaza || OPA1:109 || *[[payawi]] "squash"
|-
|'''''vove-t''''' ||  path, road|| vovét || camino || OPA1:109 || *[[po'e]]- "path, road"
|-
|'''''depe''''' ||  in the wild|| dépe || en el campo || OPA1:109 || Loan form Nahuatl [[Tepe:tl|''tepetl'']]
|-
|'''''biká-t''''' ||  song|| bicát || canto || OPA1:110 || *[[kwika]] "sing"
|-
|'''''bíke-n''''' ||  sing|| bíquen || cantar || OPA1:110 ||*[[kwika]] "sing"
|-
|'''''vus-va''''' ||  face|| vúsva || cara || OPA1:110 || *[[pusipa]] "face"
(*[[pusi]]-[[pa]] "eye-on")
|-
|'''''koma-t''''' ||  cave|| comát || caverna || OPA1:111 || *[[ko]] "hollow"
|-
|'''''napsa''''' ||  ashes|| napsa || ceniza || OPA1:111 || *[[napiso]] "ashes
|-
|'''''tewíka''''' ||  sky|| tevíca || cielo || OPA1:111 || *[[tewika]] "sky"
|-
|'''''kawí-t''''' ||  hill, mountain|| cavít || cerro || OPA1:111 || *[[kawi]] "mountain"
|-
|'''''markí''''' ||  five|| márqui || cinco || OPA1:111 || *[[mariki]] "five"
|-
|'''''nanéwa''''' ||  clearly|| nanégua || claramente || OPA1:111 || *[[nawa]] "sound clearly"
|-
|'''''naaká-t''''' ||  digging stick|| naacát || coa || OPA1:111 || *[[wika]]? "digging stick"
|-
|'''''basí-t''''' ||  tail|| basít || cola de un animal || OPA1:112 || *[[kwasi]] "tail"
|-
|'''''hibaa-n''''' ||  eat|| hibáan || comer || OPA1:112 || *[[hi]]-[[kwa]] "eat"
|-
|'''''táwu''''' ||  rabbit|| távu || conejo || OPA1:112 || *[[tapu]] "rabbit"
|-
|'''''hibés''''' ||  heart|| hibés || corazón (hiapsi) || OPA1:113 || *[[hikwɨs]] "heart/breath"
|-
|'''''tepúna-n''''' ||  cut, || tepúnan || cortar || OPA1:113 || *[[tepona]] "cut"
|-
|'''''ke-teka-n''''' ||  bite, cut with teeth|| quétecan || cortar con los dientes || OPA1:113 || *[[ke]]-[[teka]]  "bite-cut"
|-
|'''''wói''''' ||  coyote|| vói || coyote || OPA1:114 || *[[wo'i]] "coyote"
|-
|'''''tsira''''' ||  parakeet, parrot|| zira || perico, papagayo || || *[[tsira]] "bird"
|-
|'''''tsoinawa-n''''' ||  fry (vb.)|| zóinaguan || freír || OPA1:124 || *[[tsoyo]] "fry"
|-
|'''''tsiwor''''' ||  tadpole|| zivór || renacuajo || || *[[tsipori]] "salamander"
|-
|'''''nawói''''' ||  four|| navói || cuatro || OPA1:114 || *[[nawi]] "four"
|-
|'''''wehré-n''''' ||  grow|| vehrén || crecer || OPA1:114 ||*[[wɨyi]] "big"
|-
|'''''kutá-t''''' ||  neck|| cutát || cuello || OPA1:114 || *[[kuta]] "neck"
|-
|'''''bewá-t''''' || skin, leather || beguát || cuero || OPA1:114 || *[[pewa]] "skin"
|-
|'''''táwa-''''' || body || tágua || cuerpo || OPA1:115 || *tawi "body, torso"
|-
|'''''kárats''''' || crow || cáratz || cuervo || OPA1:115 || *kala "crow"
|-
|'''''hípra-n''''' || guard, take care of || hípran || cuidar, guardar || OPA1:115 || *[[hi]]-[[pura]] "something-tie/guard"
|-
|'''''wakots''''' || snake || vacótz || culebra || OPA1:115 || *[[pa]]-[[ko]] "water-snake"
|-
|'''''korós''''' || big snake || corós || culebra gorda || OPA1:115 || *[[koro]] "animal"
|-
|'''''wétso''''' || tree type || vétzo || chino, un arbol || OPA1:115 || *[[wesi]] "tree species"
|-
|'''''nemaka-n''''' || give || nemácan || dar || OPA1:115 || *[[ne]]-[[maka]] "mutual-give"
*[[nemaka]] "sell"
|-
|'''''hóra-n''''' || degrain || hóran || desgranar || OPA1:117 || *[[hora]] "degrain"
|-
|'''''pusá-n''''' || wake || busán || despertar || OPA1:117 || *[[pusa]] "wake, open eyes"
|-
|'''''táwi''''' || body || távi || día || OPA1:118 || *[[tawɨ]] "sun, day"
|-
|'''''tamí-t''''' ||  tooth|| tamít || diente || OPA1:118 || *[[tame]] "tooth"
|-
|'''''mákoi''''' || ten || mácoi || diez || OPA1:118 || *[[makoi]] "ten"
|-
|'''''kókoe-n''''' || hurt|| cócoen  ||doler  || || *[[koko]] "hurt, be sick"
|-
|'''''hókis''''' ||  || hóquis || doncella || OPA1:119 ||
|-
|'''''godú-m''''' || two || godúm || dos || OPA1:119 || *[[wo]]- "two"
|-
|'''''húba''''' ||  || húba || elote || OPA1:119 ||
|-
|'''''sepé-n''''' || become cold || sepén || enfriarse || OPA1:120 || *[[sewa]] "become cold"
|-
|'''''tsopore-n''''' || become numb  || zopóren || entumirse || OPA1:121 || *[[sepo]] "become numb"
|-
|'''''murá-t''''' || maize tassel || murát || espiga || OPA1:122 || *[[mura]] "maize tassel"
|-
|'''''wetsá-t''''' || thorn || vetzát || espina || OPA1:122 || *[[wetsa]] "thorn"
|-
|'''''nakowetsá-t''''' || opuntia thorn || nacovetzát || espina de nopal || OPA1:122 || *[[nako]]-[[wetsa]] ""opuntia-thorn"
|-
|'''''pósora-wa''''' || foam || pósoragua || espuma || OPA1:122 ||
|-
|'''''síbora''''' || star || síbora || estrella || OPA1:123 ||
|-
|'''''kóa''''' || skirt || cóa || falda || OPA1:123 ||
|-
|'''''sewá-t''''' || flower || seguát || flor || OPA1:124 ||
|-
|'''''taká-t''''' || fruit || tacát || fruta || OPA1:124 ||
|-
|'''''te''''' || fire  || te || fuego || OPA1:124 ||
|-
|'''''dóh-me''''' || person || dóhme || gent || OPA1:125 || *yore "person"
|-
|'''''tsátsa-n''''' || yell || zátzan || gritar || OPA1:126 ||
|-
|'''''háro''''' || turkey || háro || guajolote || OPA1:126 ||
|-
|'''''tsiwí''''' || turkey || ziví || guajolote || OPA1:126 ||
|-
|'''''nahodadaw''''' || war || nahódadauh || guerra || OPA1:126 ||*yawi "fight, predator, enemy"
|-
|'''''nahódan''''' || fight || nahódan/nacódan || guerrear || OPA1:126 ||
|-
|'''''tewá-n''''' || find || téguan || hallar || OPA1:126 ||
|-
|'''''sebí''''' || cold, ice || sebí || helado || OPA1:127 ||
|-
|'''''sáwa''''' || leaf || sáua || hoja || OPA1:128 ||
|-
|'''''sikuts''''' ||  ant|| sicútz || hormiga chiquita || OPA1:128 ||
|-
|'''''arí-t''''' || ant || arít || hormiga|| OPA1:128 ||
|-
|'''''tsiko-pewai''''' || left hand || Zicópevai || mano izquierda || OPA1:134 ||
|-
|'''''vuri''''' || handful || Vúri || manojo || OPA1:134 ||
|-
|'''''sisa-n''''' || urinate, pee  || Sísan || mear || OPA1:135 ||
|-
|'''''na-táko''''' || half || natáco || mitad || OPA1:136 ||
|-
|'''''istú-n''''' ||  lie || ístun || mentir || OPA1:135 ||
|-
|'''''nemaka-n''''' || sell  || nemacán || mercader || OPA1:135 ||
|-
|'''''erá''''' || menstruation || erá || menstruo de la mujer || OPA1:135 ||
|-
|'''''narosán''''' || mix || narosán || mezclar || OPA1:136 ||
|-
|'''''tsóma''''' || snot, mucus || zóma || moco de la naríz || OPA1:136 ||
|-
|'''''tusá-n''''' || grind || tusán || moler || OPA1:137 ||
|-
|'''''kee-n''''' || bite || quéen || morder || OPA1:137 ||
|-
|'''''sevor''''' || fly (insect) || sevor || mosca || OPA1:137 ||
|-
|'''''-tsi''''' || diminutive || '-tzi' || diminutive ||  ||
|-
|'''''múi''''' || much, alot || Múi || mucho || OPA1:137 ||
|-
|'''''múki''''' || die || Múqui || muerto, difuntos || OPA1:138 ||
|-
|'''''huhwa''''' || woman  || Húhgua || mujer || OPA1:138 ||
|-
|'''''siwé''''' || sprout|| Sivén || nacer hierbas || OPA1:138 ||
|-
|'''''daká-t''''' || nose || Dacát || nariz || OPA1:138 ||
|-
|'''''nomaká-n''''' || sell || Nemácan || vender || OPA1:158 ||
|-
|'''''nakó''''' || nopal, opuntia || Nacó || nopal || OPA1:139 ||
|-
|'''''-yawa''''' || place where"  || dagua || yan, place where ||  ||
|-
|'''''mietsa-t''''' || "moon" || Mietzát || luna || OPA1:132 ||
|-
|'''''tewé''''' || be called, have name || Tevé || tener nombre, llamarse || OPA1:133 ||
|-
|'''''dúku-n''''' || rain || Dúcun, dúqui || lluvia || OPA1:133 ||
|-
|'''''ku-t''''' || wood (material) || Cut || madera || OPA1:133 ||
|-
|'''''sunú-t''''' || maize || Sunút || maíz || OPA1:133 ||
|-
|'''''sakí-t''''' || roasted maize || Saquít || maíz tostado || OPA1:133 ||
|-
|'''''chi-a-n''''' || suckle || Chían || mamar || OPA1:133 ||
|-
|'''''tema-tsi''''' || young man || Temátsi || mancebo || OPA1:134 ||
|-
|'''''mamá-t''''' || hand || Mamát || mano || OPA1:134 ||
|-
|'''''mosí-t''''' || [[cloud]] || Mosít || nube || OPA1:139 ||
|-
|'''''hita-puri''''' || knot || Hitápuri || nudo || OPA1:139 || *[[hita]]-[[puri]] "something.acc-tie"
|-
|'''''hubári''''' ||  new|| hubári || Nuevo || OPA1:139 ||
|-
|'''''wusí-t''''' || eye || vusít || ojo || OPA1:140 || *[[pusi]] "eye"
|-
|'''''huhbárawa''''' || smell || huhbáragua || olfato || OPA1:140 ||*huhkwa "smell"
|-
|'''''siká-t''''' || navel || sicát || ombligo || OPA1:141 ||
|-
|'''''naká-t''''' || ear || nacát || oreja || OPA1:141 ||
|-
|'''''wikits''''' || bird || viquítz || pájaro || OPA1:141 ||
|-
|'''''tapána-n''''' || break, part || tapánan || divider ||  ||
|-
|'''''humu-wiri''''' || big duck || humuviri || pato grande, Prieto || OPA1:143 ||
|-
|'''''ba-witsi''''' || duck || bavítzi || pato || OPA1:143 ||
|-
|'''''era-n''''' || think || erán || pensar || OPA1:144 ||
|-
|'''''surá-t''''' || seed || surát || semilla. Pepita || OPA1:144 ||
|-
|'''''chupi''''' || little || chupi || chiquito ||  ||
|-
|'''''chúch''''' || dog || chúchi || perro || OPA1:144 ||
|-
|'''''te-t''''' || rock, stone || tet || piedra || OPA1:145 ||
|-
|'''''wokó-t''''' || pine || vocót || pino || OPA1:145 ||
|-
|'''''tusí-t''''' || maize flour || tusít || pinole || OPA1:145 ||
|-
|'''''até-t''''' || louse || atét || piojo de la cabeza || OPA1:145 ||
|-
|'''''kesa-n''''' || step on something|| quesán || pisar || OPA1:145 ||
|-
|'''''boka''''' || pregnancy || bocá || preñez || OPA1:146 ||
|-
|'''''tepú''''' || flea || tepú || pulga || OPA1:147 ||
|-
|'''''tahá-n''''' || burn || tahán || quemarse || OPA1:148 ||
|-
|'''''náwa''''' || root || náva || raíz || OPA1:148 ||
|-
|'''''temó-t''''' || frog || temót || rana || OPA1:148 ||
|-
|'''''kókma-n''''' || dig || cócman || rascar || OPA1:148 ||
|-
|'''''hitéwosa-n''''' || draw, make lines || hitéguosan || rayar, señalar || OPA1:149 ||
|-
|'''''hiténa-n''''' || mend, fix || hiténan || remedar || OPA1:149 ||
|-
|'''''haki-t''''' || river || haquít || rio || OPA1:150 ||
|-
|'''''nanawa-n''''' || steal  || nanáguan || robar || OPA1:150 ||
|-
|'''''wapúsika-n''''' || spray  || vapúsican || rociar || OPA1:150 ||
|-
|'''''tonó-t''''' || knee || tonót || rodilla || OPA1:150 ||
|-
|'''''-sari''''' || old, worn out thing || '-sari' || "cosa vieja" ||  ||
|-
|'''''erá-t''''' || blood || Erát || sangre || OPA1:151 ||
|-
|'''''kohar''''' || frog || Cohár || sapo || OPA1:151 ||
|-
|'''''wake-n''''' || dry || Huaquén || secarse || OPA1:152 ||
|-
|'''''watsa-n''''' || dry || Huatzán || secar || OPA1:152 ||
|-
|'''''-tude-n''''' || causative || '-tuden' || causative ||  ||
|-
|'''''táwi''''' || sun || Távi || sol || OPA1:153 || *[[tawi]] "sun, day"
|-
|'''''heká-t''''' || shadow  || Hecát || sombra || OPA1:153 || *[[heká]] "shade, shadow"
|-
|'''''puputsa-ri''''' || blow || Puputzári || soplo || OPA1:153 || *[[putsa]] "blow, inflate"
|-
|'''''temuku-n''''' || dream || Temúcun || soñar || OPA1:153 || *[[tɨmuku]] "dream"
|-
|'''''witoroka''''' || spider web || Vítoroca || telaraña || OPA1:154 || *[[wi]]-to-[[toka]] "spin-spider"
|-
|'''''towá-t''''' || earth|| Továt || tierra || OPA1:155 || *[[tɨwa]] "dust, earth"
|-
|'''''tew-tuu-n''''' || become earth || teúhtuun || Volverse tierra || OPA1:155 || *[[tɨwa]] "dust, earth"
|-
|'''''teruwa''''' || cloak || terúva || tilma || OPA1:155 || *[[tɨruwa]] "cloak"
|-
|'''''wirá-n''''' || spin || virán || torcer || OPA1:156 || *[[wi]] "spin"
|-
|'''''nawuts''''' || prickly pear, cactus fig || navútz || tuna fruta || OPA1:157 || *[[nawo]]-[[tsi]] "Opuntia-point"
|-
|'''''tewós''''' || gopher || tevós || tuza, animal || OPA1:157 || [[tapusa|*tapusa/*tepusa]] "gopher"
|-
|'''''sei''''' ||one|| sei || uno || OPA1:157 || *[[sei]] "one"
|-
|'''''sutú-t''''' ||  nail, claw || sutút || uña || OPA1:157 || *[[sutu]] "nail"
|-
|'''''masó-t''''' || deer || masót || venado || OPA1:157 || *[[masa]] "deer"
|-
|'''''monwa''''' || son in-law || mongúa || yerno || OPA1:159 || *[[moni]] "son in-law"
|-
|'''''kaos''''' || fox || cáos || zorra || OPA1:159 || *[[kaho]] "fox"
|-
|'''''hupá-t''''' || skunk  || hupát || zorrilo || OPA1:159 || *[[hupa]] "skunk"
|-
|'''''siwín''''' || east || sivín || oriente || OPA1:141 ||
|-
|'''''hurun''''' || west || hurún || poniente || OPA1:146 || *horo "fall?"
|-
|'''''aká-t''''' || sunflower || acát || mirasol || OPA1:136 || *[[paka]] "reed" (Nahua loan?)
|-
|'''''amu-n''''' || hunt || amún || cazar || OPA1:111 || *amu "hunt"
|-
|'''''basá-n''''' || become ripe, cooked || basán || cocer, madurarse || OPA1:112,133 || *[[kwasi]] "ripen"
|-
|'''''hipét''''' || straw mat || hipét || petate || ||*[[hipeta]] "mat"
|-
|'''''tsopítse''''' || squat (vb.)|| zopítze || sentado en cuclillas || || *[[tsopi]] "squat, pierce"
|-
|'''''tsokíma''''' || pleiades || zoquíma || ciertas estrellas (pleiades) ||  ||
|-
|'''''tsokinwa-n''''' || sew || zoquínguan || labrar con aguja || ||*[[tso]] "sew"
|-
|'''''kodó''''' || conch shell || codó || concha || OPA1:171 || *koyo "shell"
|}

Latest revision as of 08:32, 31 January 2026

This is a list of Eudeve vocabulary from Pennington (1981), it does not include the full word list, but only those items for which I have registered cognates in other SUA languages. Eudeve is one of the three Ópatan languages: Teguima, Eudeve, and Jova. Eudeve is also called Dohema which means "people" and is cognate with Yoreme the endonym of the Cahitan peoples. Shaul (1983) argues Ópatan and Cahitan were adjacent dialects in a Taracahitan dialect continuum and Ópatan diverged from Cahitan because of contact with Tepiman languages.

Affixes
-n 'verb formant/present tense'
-wa 'verb formant'
-na 'verb formant'
-ei 'color word formant'
-t 'nominal absolutive suffix'
-ri 'nominal absolutive suffix'
-r 'nominal absolutive suffix'
ne- 'reciprocal action prefix'
hi- 'antipassive/intransitivizing prefix
hita- 'accusative form of hi-
-tude 'causative suffix'
-tuu '"become X" suffix'
-tsi 'diminutive' 'diminutive suffix'


Term Original English Spanish Source Etymon Notes
-sari -sari old, worn out thing cosa vieja PSUA *-sauri 'old, wornout'
-tsi -tzi diminutive diminutive
-tude-n -tuden causative causative PSUA *tuya 'causative'
-yawa dagua place where yan, place where PSUA *-yanwa 'place where x happens'
aká-t acát sunflower mirasol Pennington (1981:136) PSUA *paka 'reed'
amu-n amún hunt cazar Pennington (1981:111) PSUA *amu 'hunt'
arí-t arít ant hormiga Pennington (1981:128) PSUA *ari 'ant'
até-t atét louse piojo de la cabeza Pennington (1981:145) PSUA *ate 'louse'
ba-t bat water agua Pennington (1981:101) PSUA *pa 'water'
ba-witsi bavítzi duck pato Pennington (1981:143)
bara bara squash otra calabaza Pennington (1981:109) PSUA *payawi 'squash'
barína-n barínan soften ablandar Pennington (1981:99) PSUA *pari- 'water'
basá-n basán become ripe, cooked cocer, madurarse Pennington (1981:112,133) PSUA *kwasi 'ripen'
basí-t basít tail cola de un animal Pennington (1981:112) PSUA *kwasi 'tail'
bewá-t beguát skin, leather cuero Pennington (1981:114) PSUA *pewa 'skin'
biká-t bicát song canto Pennington (1981:110) PSUA *kwika 'sing'
bitá-n bítan defecate cagar Pennington (1981:109) PSUA *kwita 'defecate'
boka bocá pregnancy preñez Pennington (1981:146) PSUA *poka 'full, pregnant, stomach'
bíke-n bíquen sing cantar Pennington (1981:110) PSUA *kwika 'sing'
chi-a-n Chían suckle mamar Pennington (1981:133) PSUA *tsi 'suckle'
chin chin cotton algodón Pennington (1981:102) PSUA *tsini 'cotton'
chipué-n chipuén bitter amargo Pennington (1981:102) PSUA *tsipu 'bitter'
chupi chupi little chiquito PSUA *tsupi 'small'
chúch chúchi dog perro Pennington (1981:144) PSUA *chuchi 'dog'
daká-t Dacát nose nariz Pennington (1981:138) PSUA *yaka 'nose'
depe dépe in the wild en el campo Pennington (1981:109)
dóh-me dóhme person gent Pennington (1981:125) PSUA *yore 'person'
dúki dúqui rainstorm aguacero Pennington (1981:101) PSUA *yuku 'rain'
dúku-n Dúcun, dúqui rain lluvia Pennington (1981:133) PSUA *yuku 'rain'
era-n erán think pensar Pennington (1981:144) PSUA *ɨra 'think, feel'
erá erá menstruation menstruo de la mujer Pennington (1981:135) PSUA *ɨra 'blood'
erá-t Erát blood sangre Pennington (1981:151) PSUA *ɨra 'blood'
godú-m godúm two dos Pennington (1981:119) PSUA *wo- 'two'
haki-t haquít river rio Pennington (1981:150) PSUA *haki 'river'
heká-t Hecát shadow sombra Pennington (1981:153) PSUA *heká 'shade, shadow'
hi-á-n hián drink beber Pennington (1981:107) PSUA *hi 'drink'
hibaa-n hibáan eat comer Pennington (1981:112) PSUA *hi-kwa 'eat'
hibés hibés heart corazón (hiapsi) Pennington (1981:113) PSUA *hikwɨs 'heart/breath'
hipét hipét straw mat petate PSUA *hipeta 'mat'
hita-puri Hitápuri knot nudo Pennington (1981:139) PSUA *hita-puri 'something.acc-tie'
hiténa-n hiténan mend, fix remedar Pennington (1981:149)
hitéwosa-n hitéguosan draw, make lines rayar, señalar Pennington (1981:149) PSUA *hi-tewa 'something name'
hubári hubári new Nuevo Pennington (1981:139) PSUA *hunkwa
huhbárawa huhbáragua smell olfato Pennington (1981:140) PSUA *huhkwi 'smell'
huhwa Húhgua woman mujer Pennington (1981:138) PSUA *suniwa 'woman'
humu-wiri humuviri big duck pato grande, Prieto Pennington (1981:143)
hupá-t hupát skunk zorrilo Pennington (1981:159) PSUA *hupa 'skunk'
hurun hurún west poniente Pennington (1981:146) PSUA *horo 'fall?'
háro háro turkey guajolote Pennington (1981:126) PSUA *haro 'big bird'
hétspuwa-n hétzpuvan/hiopuvan open abrir Pennington (1981:99) PSUA *-puwa 'open'
hípra-n hípran guard, take care of cuidar, guardar Pennington (1981:115) PSUA *hi-pura 'something-tie/guard'
hísi hísi soul alma Pennington (1981:102)
hókis hóquis doncella Pennington (1981:119)
hóra-n hóran degrain desgranar Pennington (1981:117) PSUA *hora 'degrain'
húba húba elote Pennington (1981:119)
istú-n ístun lie mentir Pennington (1981:135) PSUA *isVtu 'lie, cheat'
kamá camá squash calabaza Pennington (1981:109) PSUA *kamawi 'sweet potato'
kaos cáos fox zorra Pennington (1981:159) PSUA *kaho 'fox' 'fox'
kawí-t cavít hill, mountain cerro Pennington (1981:111) PSUA *kawi 'mountain'
ke-teka-n quétecan bite, cut with teeth cortar con los dientes Pennington (1981:113) PSUA *ke-teka 'bite-cut'
kee-n quéen bite morder Pennington (1981:137) PSUA *ke 'bite'
keró queró amaranth bledo Pennington (1981:107) PSUA *keri 'edible green'
kesa-n quesán step on something pisar Pennington (1981:145) PSUA *ketsa 'stand, step on'
kodó codó conch shell concha Pennington (1981:171) PSUA *koyo 'shell'
koha-r Cohár frog sapo Pennington (1981:151) PSUA *kwaya 'frog'
koma-t comát cave caverna Pennington (1981:111) PSUA *ko 'hollow'
korós corós big snake culebra gorda Pennington (1981:115) PSUA *koro 'animal'
ku-t Cut wood (material) madera Pennington (1981:133) PSUA *kuta 'wood, tree'
kutá-t cutát neck cuello Pennington (1981:114) PSUA *kuta 'neck'
kárats cáratz crow cuervo Pennington (1981:115) PSUA *kala 'crow'
kóa cóa skirt falda Pennington (1981:123) PSUA *kwayi 'skirt'
kókma-n cócman dig rascar Pennington (1981:148) PSUA *koma 'hollow'
kókoe-n cócoen hurt doler PSUA *koko 'hurt, be sick'
mamá-t Mamát hand mano Pennington (1981:134) PSUA *ma 'hand'
markí márqui five cinco Pennington (1981:111) PSUA *mariki 'five'
mará-n máran throw rocks apedrear Pennington (1981:104) PSUA *mota 'throw rocks'
masó-t masót deer venado Pennington (1981:157) PSUA *masa 'deer'
mietsa-t Mietzát moon luna Pennington (1981:132) PSUA *metsa 'moon'
monwa mongúa son in-law yerno Pennington (1981:159) PSUA *moni 'son in-law'
mosí-t Mosít cloud nube Pennington (1981:139) PSUA *mosi 'cloud'
mumúwo mumúhuo bee abeja Pennington (1981:99)
murá-t murát maize tassel espiga Pennington (1981:122) PSUA *mura 'maize tassel'
musí-t musít catfish bagre Pennington (1981:106) PSUA *musi 'moustache'
mákoi mácoi ten diez Pennington (1981:118) PSUA *makoi 'ten'
múi Múi much, alot mucho Pennington (1981:137) PSUA *mui 'much'
múki Múqui die muerto, difuntos Pennington (1981:138) PSUA *muki 'die'
na-táko natáco half mitad Pennington (1981:136) PSUA *na-tako 'reciprocal-half'
naaká-t naacát digging stick coa Pennington (1981:111) PSUA *wika 'digging stick'
nahodadaw nahódadauh war guerra Pennington (1981:126) PSUA *yawi 'predator' 'fight, predator, enemy'
nahódan nahódan/nacódan fight guerrear Pennington (1981:126) PSUA *yawi 'predator' 'fight'
nakowetsá-t nacovetzát opuntia thorn espina de nopal Pennington (1981:122) PSUA *nako-wetsa 'opuntia-thorn'
naká-t nacát ear oreja Pennington (1981:141) PSUA *naka 'ear'
naké-n naquén love amar Pennington (1981:102) PSUA *naki 'want'
nakó Nacó nopal, opuntia nopal Pennington (1981:139) PSUA *naka 'nopal'
nanawa-n nanáguan steal robar Pennington (1981:150) PSUA *nawa 'steal'
nanéwa nanégua clearly claramente Pennington (1981:111) PSUA *nawa 'sound clearly'
napsa napsa ashes ceniza Pennington (1981:111) PSUA *napiso 'ashes'
narosán narosán mix mezclar Pennington (1981:136) PSUA *nari 'mix'
nawuts navútz prickly pear, cactus fig tuna fruta Pennington (1981:157) PSUA *nawo-tsi 'Opuntia-point'
nawói navói four cuatro Pennington (1981:114) PSUA *nawi 'four'
nemaka-n nemácan give dar Pennington (1981:115) PSUA sua-pro 'mutual-give', 'sell'
nemaka-n nemacán sell mercader Pennington (1981:135) PSUA *na-maka 'reciprical-give'
nemaká-n Nemácan sell vender Pennington (1981:158) PSUA *ne-maka 'reciprocal-give'
náwa náva root raíz Pennington (1981:148) PSUA *nawa 'root'
puputsa-ri Puputzári blow soplo Pennington (1981:153) PSUA *putsa 'blow, inflate'
pusá-n busán wake despertar Pennington (1981:117) PSUA *pusa 'wake, open eyes'
páwe páve eagle aguila Pennington (1981:101) PSUA *kwawe 'eagle'
pósora-wa pósoragua foam espuma Pennington (1981:122) PSUA *poso 'foam'
saamí saamí adobe adobe (loan) Pennington (1981:100)
sakí-t Saquít roasted maize maíz tostado Pennington (1981:133) PSUA *saki 'roast'
sebí sebí cold, ice helado Pennington (1981:127) PSUA *sewi 'become cold'
sei sei one uno Pennington (1981:157) PSUA *sei 'one'
sepé-n sepén become cold enfriarse Pennington (1981:120) PSUA *sewa 'become cold'
sevor sevor fly (insect) mosca Pennington (1981:137) PSUA *sahipori 'fly'
sewá-t seguát flower flor Pennington (1981:124) PSUA *sɨwa 'flower'
sikuts sicútz ant hormiga chiquita Pennington (1981:128) PSUA *tsuku 'ant'
siká-t sicát navel ombligo Pennington (1981:141) PSUA *siku 'navel'
sisa-n Sísan urinate, pee mear Pennington (1981:135) PSUA *sisa 'urinate'
siwé-n Sivén sprout nacer hierbas Pennington (1981:138) PSUA *siwi 'weed, herb'
siwín sivín east oriente Pennington (1981:141)
sunú-t Sunút maize maíz Pennington (1981:133) PSUA *sunu 'maize'
surá-t surát seed semilla. Pepita Pennington (1981:144) PSUA *sura 'seed, heart'
sut-ei sútei white blanco Pennington (1981:107)
sutú-t sutút nail, claw uña Pennington (1981:157) PSUA *sutu 'nail'
sáwa sáua leaf hoja Pennington (1981:128) PSUA *sawa 'leaf'
síbora síbora star estrella Pennington (1981:123) PSUA *sipo 'star'
taará-t taarát clay barro Pennington (1981:107) PSUA sua-pro 'foot? or clay'
tahá-n tahán burn quemarse Pennington (1981:148) PSUA *taha 'burn'
taká-t tacát fruit fruta Pennington (1981:124) PSUA *taki 'give fruit'
tamí-t tamít tooth diente Pennington (1981:118) PSUA *tame 'tooth'
tapána-n tapánan break, part divider PSUA *tapana 'break, split'
te te fire fuego Pennington (1981:124) PSUA *tahi 'fire'
te-t tet rock, stone piedra Pennington (1981:145) PSUA *tɨ 'rock, stone'
teko-ri tecori cajete Pennington (1981:109)
tema-tsi Temátsi young man mancebo Pennington (1981:134) PSUA *tema 'youth'
temuku-n Temúcun dream soñar Pennington (1981:153) PSUA *tɨmuku 'dream'
temó-t temót frog rana Pennington (1981:148) PSUA *temo 'frog'
tení-t tenít mouth boca Pennington (1981:108) PSUA *teni 'mouth'
tepú tepú flea pulga Pennington (1981:147) PSUA *tepu 'flea'
tepúna-n tepúnan cut cortar Pennington (1981:113) PSUA *tepona 'cut'
teruwa terúva cloak tilma Pennington (1981:155) PSUA *tɨruwa 'cloak'
tew-tuu-n teúhtuun become earth Volverse tierra Pennington (1981:155) PSUA *tɨwa 'dust, earth'
tewá-n téguan find hallar Pennington (1981:126) PSUA *tɨwa 'find, see'
tewé Tevé be called, have name tener nombre, llamarse Pennington (1981:133) PSUA *tewa 'name'
tewíka tevíca sky cielo Pennington (1981:111) PSUA *tewika 'sky'
tewós tevós gopher tuza, animal Pennington (1981:157) PSUA sua-pro 'gopher'
tonó-t tonót knee rodilla Pennington (1981:150) PSUA *tano 'knee'
towá-t Továt earth tierra Pennington (1981:155) PSUA *tɨwa 'dust, earth'
tsiko-pewai Zicópevai left hand mano izquierda Pennington (1981:134) PSUA *tsiko-pewa 'crooked-begin'
tsira zira parakeet, parrot perico, papagayo PSUA *tsira 'bird'
tsiwor zivór tadpole renacuajo PSUA *tsipori 'salamander'
tsiwí ziví turkey guajolote Pennington (1981:126) PSUA *haro 'male turkey'
tsoinawa-n zóinaguan fry (vb.) freír Pennington (1981:124) PSUA *tsoyo 'fry'
tsokinwa-n zoquínguan sew labrar con aguja PSUA *tso 'sew'
tsokíma zoquíma pleiades ciertas estrellas (pleiades)
tsoní-t zonít head cabeza Pennington (1981:108) PSUA *tsoni 'hair'
tsopore-n zopóren become numb entumirse Pennington (1981:121) PSUA *sepo 'become numb'
tsopítse zopítze squat (vb.) sentado en cuclillas PSUA *tsopi 'squat, pierce'
tsoro-pa-n zorópan wrinkle (vb.) arrugar Pennington (1981:105) PSUA *sioro 'wrinkle'
tsátsa-n zátzan yell gritar Pennington (1981:126) PSUA *tsatsV 'yell'
tsóma zóma snot, mucus moco de la naríz Pennington (1981:136) PSUA *tsome 'snot, mucus'
tsóna-n zónan slap abofetear Pennington (1981:99) PSUA *tsona 'hit, slap'
tusá-n tusán grind moler Pennington (1981:137) PSUA *tusu 'grind'
tusí-t tusít maize flour pinole Pennington (1981:145) PSUA *tusu 'grind'
táwa- tágua body cuerpo Pennington (1981:115) PSUA *tawi 'body' 'body, torso'
táwi távi body día Pennington (1981:118) PSUA *tawɨ 'sun, day'
táwi Távi sun sol Pennington (1981:153) PSUA *tawi 'body' 'sun, day'
táwu távu rabbit conejo Pennington (1981:112) PSUA *tapu 'rabbit'
tóni tóni hot acalenturado Pennington (1981:100)
vove-t vovét path, road camino Pennington (1981:109) PSUA *po'e- 'path, road'
vuri Vúri handful manojo Pennington (1981:134) PSUA *puri 'tied, gathered'
vurá-n vurán tie (vb.) amarrar Pennington (1981:103) PSUA *pura 'tie, bind'
vus-va vúsva face cara Pennington (1981:110) PSUA sua-pro 'face'
wa-héka vahéca air, wind aire Pennington (1981:101) PSUA *héka 'wind'
wake-n Huaquén dry secarse Pennington (1981:152) PSUA *waki 'dry'
wakots vacótz snake culebra Pennington (1981:115) PSUA *pa-ko 'water-snake'
wapúsika-n vapúsican spray rociar Pennington (1981:150) PSUA *pa-putsi 'water-spray'
wasá-t vasát poplar álamo Pennington (1981:102)
watsa-n Huatzán dry secar Pennington (1981:152) PSUA *watsa 'dry'
wehré-n vehrén grow crecer Pennington (1981:114) PSUA *wɨyi 'big'
wetsá-t vetzát thorn espina Pennington (1981:122) PSUA *wetsa 'thorn'
wetsé-n huetzén fall caer Pennington (1981:109) PSUA *wetsi 'fall'
wikits viquítz bird pájaro Pennington (1981:141) PSUA *wiki 'bird'
wirá-n virán spin torcer Pennington (1981:156) PSUA *wi 'spin'
witoroka Vítoroca spider web telaraña Pennington (1981:154) PSUA *wi-to-toka 'spin-spider'
wokó-t vocót pine pino Pennington (1981:145) PSUA *woko 'pine'
wusí-t vusít eye ojo Pennington (1981:140) PSUA *pusi 'eye'
wétso vétzo tree type chino, un arbol Pennington (1981:115) PSUA *wesi 'tree species'
wói vói coyote coyote Pennington (1981:114) PSUA *wo'i 'coyote'
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