Night: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 13:50, 9 June 2025

The Southern-Uto-Aztecan words for "night" are part of a family of etyma referring to "darkness", "blackness", and "charcoal", most of them based on the Uto-Aztecan roots *tu-, *tuka (Stubbs 2011#240), and *yuppa (Stubbs 2011#241).

Proto-Corachol-Nahuan: tɨri, tɨka, yɨwe/yɨwa

For Proto-Corachol-Nahuan we can reconstruct:

tɨri "charcoal" < *tuu (Stubbs 2011#240c)

Nahuatl: tli:lli "charcoal", tli:ltik "black", tekol/tikol "charcoal" < Pre-Nahua *tɨkwari "charcoal" < PCN *tɨri-kwari

Náayeri: tɨ'ɨskwá"brasa, carbón" (McMahon & McMahon 1959) < *tɨri-kwa(ri)

tɨka "darkness" < PUA *tuka (Stubbs 2011#240a)

Nahuatl: tikatlan "midnight"

Wixárika: tɨkáari "night"

Náayeri: tɨ́ka'a. 1. En la noche; 2. Obscuridad. (Muñiz 2024:97)

yɨwɨ/*yɨwa < PSUA *yuwa "dark, become dark" < PUA *yuppa (Stubbs 2011#242)

Nahuatl: yo:wa-l, yo:wa-k < PCN *yɨwɨ "black"

Wixárika: yɨwikɨta /yɨwɨ-kɨ-ta/ /dark-instr-loc/ "at night, in the dark"

PSUA

*tuka

For proto-Tepiman (Bascom 1965#231) reconstructs *tuʔkaga-i "darkness, night", based on Northern Tepehuán tukagi and Southern Tepehuán tuʔkaaʔ.

For his "Sonoran" group (Lionnet 1985#320) reconstructs *tuku "apagarse" and *tuka "noche, obscuridad"; based on Тepehuán tuká-gai; Ópata tuk-, Еudeve túku-; Yaqui tuká-гiа, Мayo tukáа-ri; Warihío túka-wári, Guarijío tugá-o, Raramuri ruká-wari; Tubar tukú-r, "араgаdо ".

Stubbs (2011) reconstruct: 240a. *tuka / *tuku / *tuki 'fire go out, dark, black, night'; 240c. *tuhu / *tuu (< *tuku);

*yuppa

Stubbs (2011#242) reconstructs PUA *yu’pa > *yuppa ‘go out (of fire), (get) dark, black’.

This gave PSUA *yuwa/*yuwɨ "become dark, fire go out", which is conserved in Corachol-Nahuan as *yɨwɨ/*yɨwa. We don't understand well when PUA *p gives SUA *w, but the fact that it seems to come from a geminate pp is suggestive.

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-Bascom 1965 231, *tu8kaga-i 'darkness, night, NT tukdgi, . ST tunkaa9,
+The Southern-Uto-Aztecan words for "'''night'''" are part of a family of etyma referring to "darkness", "blackness", and "charcoal", most of them based on the Uto-Aztecan roots *''tu''-, *''tuka'' (Stubbs 2011#240), and *''yuppa'' (Stubbs 2011#241).
-Lionnet 1985#320
+==Proto-Corachol-Nahuan: *tɨri, *tɨka, *yɨwe/*yɨwa==
-*tuku, "apagarse", tuka, "noche, obscuridad", ТЕР tuká-gai; O tuk-, Еn túku-; Y tuká-гiа, МА tukáа-ri; Vb túka-wári, Va tugá-o, ТА ruká-wari; TR tukú-r, "араgаdо ".
+For Proto-Corachol-Nahuan we can reconstruct:
+:*''tɨri'' "charcoal"  < *''tuu'' (Stubbs 2011#240c)
+::Nahuatl: ''tli:lli'' "charcoal", ''tli:ltik'' "black", ''tekol/tikol'' "charcoal" < Pre-Nahua *''tɨkwari'' "charcoal"  < PCN *tɨri-kwari
+::Náayeri: ''tɨ'ɨskwá''"brasa, carbón" ([[McMahon, Ambrose & Maria Aiton de McMahon. 1959. Vocabulario Cora. México, D.F. Instituto Lingüístico de Verano.|McMahon & McMahon 1959]]) < *''tɨri-kwa(ri)''
-'''Nahuatl'''
+:*''tɨka'' "darkness" < PUA *''tuka'' (Stubbs 2011#240a)
-:''tikatlan' ""midnight"
+::Nahuatl: ''tikatlan'' "midnight"
-:''yo:wa-l, yo:wa-k'' < *''[[yɨwe]]'' "black"
+::Wixárika: ''tɨkáari'' "night"
+::Náayeri: ''tɨ́ka'a''. 1. En la noche; 2. Obscuridad. ([[Muñíz López, Pedro. 2024. Xàjta'me: Náayeri Nyuukari. Mexico.|Muñiz 2024:97]])
-'''Wixárika'''
+:*''yɨwɨ''/*''yɨwa'' < PSUA *''yuwa'' "dark, become dark" < PUA *''yuppa'' (Stubbs 2011#242)
-:''tɨkáari'' "night"
+::Nahuatl: ''yo:wa-l, yo:wa-k'' < PCN *''[[yɨwɨ]]'' "black"
-:''yɨwikɨta'' /yɨwɨ-kɨ-ta/ /dark-instr-loc/ "at night, in the dark"
+::Wixárika: ''yɨwikɨta'' /yɨwɨ-kɨ-ta/ /dark-instr-loc/ "at night, in the dark"
-'''Náayeri'''
+==PSUA==
-:''tɨ́ka'a''. 1. En la noche; 2. Obscuridad. (Muñiz 2024:97)
+===*tuka===
+For proto-Tepiman (Bascom 1965#231) reconstructs *''tuʔkaga-i'' "darkness, night", based on Northern Tepehuán ''tukagi'' and Southern Tepehuán ''tuʔkaaʔ''.
+For his "Sonoran" group (Lionnet 1985#320) reconstructs *''tuku'' "apagarse" and *''tuka'' "noche, obscuridad"; based on Тepehuán ''tuká-gai''; Ópata ''tuk''-, Еudeve ''túku''-; Yaqui ''tuká-гiа'', Мayo ''tukáа-ri''; Warihío ''túka-wári'', Guarijío ''tugá-o'', Raramuri ''ruká-wari''; Tubar ''tukú-r'', "араgаdо ".
+Stubbs (2011) reconstruct: 240a. ''*tuka / *tuku / *tuki'' 'fire go out, dark, black, night'; 240c. ''*tuhu / *tuu (< *tuku)'';
+===*yuppa===
+Stubbs (2011#242) reconstructs PUA *''yu’pa > *yuppa'' ‘go out (of fire), (get) dark, black’.
+This gave PSUA *yuwa/*yuwɨ "become dark, fire go out", which is conserved in Corachol-Nahuan as ''*yɨwɨ/*yɨwa''. We don't understand well when PUA *p gives SUA *w, but the fact that it seems to come from a geminate pp is suggestive.
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