Proto-Nahuatl lexicon: Difference between revisions
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Created page with " {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Proto-Nahuatl Llexicon |- ! Spanish Meaning!! English Meaning!! Proto-Nahuatl !! pre-Nahua!! pre-Nahua gloss!! |- |de los pies||foot||xo-||(ka)sí-wa||foot+al.pos |- |papel amate||ficus paper||ama||*hama(?)||paper, ficus |- |cazar||hunt||ami||ami||hunt |- |atlatl||spearthrower||atla-||ata-[[]]||spearthrower |- |piojo||louse||atemi||até-mɨ||louse+pl |- |testiculo||testicle||ate||até-ri||testicle+abs |-..." |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|+ Proto-Nahuatl | |+ Proto-Nahuatl Lexicon | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Spanish Meaning!! English Meaning | ! Proto-Nahuatl | ||
! Spanish Meaning!! English Meaning!! pre-Nahua!! pre-Nahua gloss!! Cognates | |||
|- | |- | ||
|de los pies||foot | |'''''xo-''''' | ||
|de los pies||foot||[[kasí]]-[[wa]]||foot+al.pos | |||
|- | |- | ||
|papel amate||ficus paper|| | |'''''ama''''' | ||
|papel amate||ficus paper||[[hama]](?) | |||
(otomian loan *heima) | |||
|paper, ficus | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cazar||hunt | |'''''ami''''' | ||
|cazar||hunt||[[ami]]||hunt | |||
|- | |- | ||
|atlatl||spearthrower | |'''''atla-''''' | ||
|atlatl||spearthrower||[[ata]]-||spearthrower | |||
|- | |- | ||
|piojo||louse | |'''''atemi''''' | ||
|piojo||louse||[[até]]-[[mɨ]]||louse+pl | |||
|- | |- | ||
|testiculo||testicle | |'''''ate''''' | ||
|testiculo||testicle||[[até]]-ri||testicle+abs | |||
|- | |- | ||
|agua||water | |'''''a:''''' | ||
|agua||water||[[ha]]||water | |||
|- | |- | ||
|agua||water | |'''''a:l''''' | ||
|agua||water||[[ha]]-[[ri]]||water+abs | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ala||wing | |'''''ahas''''' | ||
|ala||wing||[[ha]]-[[haro]]||rdpl+large.bird | |||
|- | |- | ||
|frijoles||beans | |'''''ye''''' | ||
|frijoles||beans||[[hai]]||beans | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ejote||string bean | |'''''yexo''''' | ||
|ejote||string bean||[[hai]]-[[siwi]]||bean+plant | |||
|- | |- | ||
|carrizo||reed | |'''''aka''''' | ||
|carrizo||reed||[[haka]]||reed | |||
|- | |- | ||
|entrar, meter||enter, insert | |'''''aki''''' | ||
|entrar, meter||enter, insert||[[haki]]||enter | |||
|- | |- | ||
|arroyo, rio||stream, river | |'''''aki''''' | ||
|arroyo, rio||stream, river||[[ha]]-[[kí]]||water+house | |||
|- | |- | ||
|alguién, quién||who, someone | |'''''a:kin''''' | ||
|alguién, quién||who, someone||[[haki]]-[[mɨ]]||who+pl | |||
|- | |- | ||
|arriba||up | |'''''ahko''''' | ||
|arriba||up||[[hako]]||up | |||
|- | |- | ||
|subir en hombros||lift on shoulder | |'''''ahkokwi''''' | ||
|subir en hombros||lift on shoulder||[[hako]]-[[kwei]]||up+take | |||
|- | |- | ||
|camarón, acamaya||shrimp, crayfish | |'''''akosilin''''' | ||
|camarón, acamaya||shrimp, crayfish||[[ha]]-[[kosi]]-[[ri]]-[[mɨ]]||water-shrimp-abs-col | |||
|- | |- | ||
|libro||book | |'''''amox''''' | ||
|libro||book||[[hama]]-[[wa]]-[[(t)si]]||ficus/paper+al.pos+dim | |||
|- | |- | ||
|manantial, ||spring | |'''''a:meyal-''''' | ||
|manantial, ||spring||[[ha]]-[[meya]]-[[ri]]||water+flow+pass | |||
|- | |- | ||
|sed||thirst | |'''''a:miki''''' | ||
|sed||thirst||[[ha]]-[[mɨki]]||water+die | |||
|- | |- | ||
|agarrar||grab | |'''''a:na''''' | ||
|agarrar||grab||[[hana]]||grab | |||
|- | |- | ||
|rociar, tener diarrhea||spray, have diarrhea | |'''''a:pitsa''''' | ||
|rociar, tener diarrhea||spray, have diarrhea||[[ha]]-[[pítsa]]||water+blow | |||
|- | |- | ||
|bañar||bathe | |'''''a:ltia''''' | ||
|bañar||bathe||[[hári]]-[[tɨa]]||water+caus | |||
|- | |- | ||
|guacamayo, papagayo||parrot, macaw | |'''''alo:''''' | ||
|guacamayo, papagayo||parrot, macaw||[[haro]]||macaw, large bird | |||
|- | |- | ||
|garza||heron | |'''''asta-''''' | ||
|garza||heron||[[háro]]-[[ta]]||heron+? | |||
|- | |- | ||
|alcanzar, llegar||reach, catch (vb.) | |'''''ahsi''''' | ||
|alcanzar, llegar||reach, catch (vb.)||[[hasí]]||reach | |||
|- | |- | ||
|salamandra, ajolote||salamander, tadpole | |'''''axolo:''''' | ||
|salamandra, ajolote||salamander, tadpole||[[ha]]-[[sihori]]-[[wV]]||water+salamander+? | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ala||wing | |'''''atlapal''''' | ||
|ala||wing||[[hatá]]-[[páɨri]]||broad+pad/instrument | |||
|- | |- | ||
|jaguey, deposito de agua||reservoir | |'''''atekox''''' | ||
|jaguey, deposito de agua||reservoir||[[ha]]-[[teko]]-[[ri]]||water- | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |'''''a:to:ya''''' | ||
|río||river||[[ha]]-[[toya]]||water+flow | |||
|- | |- | ||
|semilla, hermano mayor||seed, elder brother | |'''''ach''''' | ||
|semilla, hermano mayor||seed, elder brother||[[hátsi]]||seed | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hormiga asquel||small ant | |'''''aska''''' | ||
|hormiga asquel||small ant||[[ari]]-[[tsɨka]]||small+ant | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hermano mayor, líder||elder brother, leader | |'''''achkaw''''' | ||
|hermano mayor, líder||elder brother, leader||[[hátsi]]-[[ká]]-[[wa]]||older.brother+agent+al.pos | |||
|- | |- | ||
|primero||first | |'''''achto''''' | ||
|primero||first||[[hátsi]]-[[to]]||first+? | |||
|- | |- | ||
|regañar||scold | |'''''ahwa''''' | ||
|regañar||scold||[[hawa]]||say | |||
|- | |- | ||
|rocío||dew | |'''''awech''''' | ||
|rocío||dew||[[ha]]-[[wétsi]]||water+fall | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ahuehuete||Montezuma cypress | |'''''a:wewe''''' | ||
|ahuehuete||Montezuma cypress||[[ha]]-[[wewe]]||water+old | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tia||aunt | |'''''awi''''' | ||
|tia||aunt||[[hawi]]||aunt | |||
|- | |- | ||
|jugo||juice, | |'''''a:yo:''''' | ||
|jugo||juice, ||[[ha]]-[[yáwa]]||water+abstr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|neblina||mist | |'''''a:yawi''''' | ||
|neblina||mist||[[ha]]-[[yawi]]||water+precipitation | |||
|- | |- | ||
|calabaza||squash | |'''''a:yoh''''' | ||
|calabaza||squash||[[hayáwi]]||squash | |||
|- | |- | ||
|sonaja||rattle | |'''''ayakach''''' | ||
|sonaja||rattle||[[hayáwi]]-[[káitsi]]||squash+rattle | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tortuga||turtle | |'''''a:yo:''''' | ||
|tortuga||turtle||[[hayéwi]]||turtle | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |'''''ayo:-to:ch''''' | ||
|armadillo||armadillo||[[hayéwi]]-[[taótsi]]||turtle+rabbit | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tres||three | |'''''ye:yi''''' | ||
|tres||three||[[hayi]]||three | |||
|- | |- | ||
|él/ella pronombre 3.sg.||it/she/he | |'''''yehwa/yeha''''' | ||
|él/ella pronombre 3.sg.||it/she/he||[[hehawa]]/[[heha]]||that one | |||
|- | |- | ||
|derecho, recto||straight | |'''''yek''''' | ||
|derecho, recto||straight||[[héika]]||straight | |||
|- | |- | ||
|derecho (lado)||right side | |'''''yexka:n''''' | ||
|derecho (lado)||right side||[[héisi]]-[[kana]]||straight+place | |||
|- | |- | ||
|viento||wind | |'''''yehyeka''''' | ||
|viento||wind||[[héka]]||wind | |||
|- | |- | ||
|sombra||shade | |'''''ehkawi''''' | ||
|sombra||shade||[[heká]]-[[wi]]||cool+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |'''''yankwi:k/yenkwi:k''''' | ||
|nuevo||new||[[henkwaí]]-[[ko]]||new+adj | |||
|- | |- | ||
|sangre||blood | |'''''yes/es''''' | ||
|sangre||blood||[[era]]||blood | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hígado, pensamiento||liver, thought | |'''''yel- /il-''''' | ||
|hígado, pensamiento||liver, thought||[[héri]]/[[hɨri]]||seat of thought | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pesado||heavy | |'''''yetik''''' | ||
|pesado||heavy||[[héti]]-[[ko]]||heavy+adj | |||
|- | |- | ||
|maíz hervida||boiled maize | |'''''etsal''''' | ||
|maíz hervida||boiled maize||[[hetsa]]-[[ri]]||sow+abs | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ellos/ellas||they | |'''''yehame/yehwan/yahan''''' | ||
|ellos/ellas||they||[[hɨ]]-[[ha]]-[[me]]||3+dem.pl | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pronombre 3.sg.||he/she/it | |'''''yeha/yehwa/yaha''''' | ||
|pronombre 3.sg.||he/she/it||[[hɨ]]-[[hewa]]||3+dem | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pedo, excremento||fart, excrement | |'''''ihiyex''''' | ||
|pedo, excremento||fart, excrement||[[hi]]-[[hɨya]]-[[yi]]||something+stink+? | |||
|- | |- | ||
|beber, tomar líquido||drink | |'''''i:''''' | ||
|beber, tomar líquido||drink||[[hi]]||drink | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pintar/escribir/rayar||paint/write/stripe | |'''''ihkwiloa''''' | ||
|pintar/escribir/rayar||paint/write/stripe||[[hi]]-[[kwiri]]-[[wa]]||something-line-vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|escribir, dibujar||write, draw (vb.) | |'''''ihkwiloa''''' | ||
|escribir, dibujar||write, draw (vb.)||[[hi]]-[[kwírí]]-[[wa]]||something+line+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|olfatear, oler||smell (perceive), olfaction | |'''''ihnekwi''''' | ||
|olfatear, oler||smell (perceive), olfaction||[[hɨ]]-[[nekwi]]||stink+smell(perceive) | |||
|- | |- | ||
|zorrillo||skunk | |'''''yepa/epa''''' | ||
|zorrillo||skunk||[[hɨpá]]||skunk | |||
|- | |- | ||
|petate||mat | |'''''petla''''' | ||
|petate||mat||[[hi]]-[[péta]]||something+mat | |||
|- | |- | ||
|despertar||wake up | |'''''ihsa''''' | ||
|despertar||wake up||[[hɨsá]]||wake.up | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ojo, cara||eye, face | |'''''i:x''''' | ||
|ojo, cara||eye, face||[[hɨsi]]||eye/face | |||
|- | |- | ||
|imagen, representación||impersonator | |'''''ixiptlah''''' | ||
|imagen, representación||impersonator||[[hɨsi]]-[[pe]]-[[ta]]||eye/face+priv+? | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ojo||eye, eyeball | |'''''i:xtelol''''' | ||
|ojo||eye, eyeball||[[hɨsi]]-[[telo]]-[[ri]]||eye/face+ball+abs | |||
|- | |- | ||
|escarbar||dig | |'''''tlachkwa''''' | ||
|escarbar||dig||[[hitá]]-[[hátsi]]-[[koha]]||something+dig+dig | |||
|- | |- | ||
|saludar||greet | |'''''tlahpaloa''''' | ||
|saludar||greet||[[hita]]-[[hi]]-[[páɨré]]-[[wa]]||sth+sth+instr+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|desgranar maiz||degrain maize | |'''''tla-oa''''' | ||
|desgranar maiz||degrain maize||[[hita]]-[[hora]]||something+degrain | |||
|- | |- | ||
|grano de maíz||maize grain | |'''''tlao:l''''' | ||
|grano de maíz||maize grain||[[hita]]-[[hora]]-[[ri]]||something+degrain+pass | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ropa, prenda||clothing | |'''''tlaken''''' | ||
|ropa, prenda||clothing||[[hita]]-[[kémi]]||something+cloth | |||
|- | |- | ||
|dañar||damage | |'''''ihtlakoa''''' | ||
|dañar||damage||[[hita]]-[[kó]]-[[wa]]||something.acc+hurt+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|sabío||wise person | |'''''tlamatki''''' | ||
|sabío||wise person||[[hita]]-[[máti]]-[[kaí]]||something+know+ag | |||
|- | |- | ||
|estudiar||study | |'''''tlamachtia''''' | ||
|estudiar||study||[[hita]]-[[matsi]]-[[tɨa]]||something+know+caus | |||
|- | |- | ||
|dar prestado||lend | |'''''tlanewi''''' | ||
|dar prestado||lend||[[hita]]-[[neɨwia]]||something+lend | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pedir||ask, petition for | |'''''itlani''''' | ||
|pedir||ask, petition for||[[hi]]-[[tani]]||something+ask.for | |||
|- | |- | ||
|rojo pigmento||red paint, cinnabar | |'''''tlapal''''' | ||
|rojo pigmento||red paint, cinnabar||[[hita]]-[[pá]]-[[ri]]||something+colour+pass | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cama, tapeste||bed, | |'''''tlapech''''' | ||
|cama, tapeste||bed, ||[[hita]]-[[pétsi]]||something+flat? | |||
|- | |- | ||
|abrir||open | |'''''tlapoa''''' | ||
|abrir||open||[[hita]]-[[póa]]||something+open | |||
|- | |- | ||
|escarmenar||card, untangle, make fluffy | |'''''tlapo:china''''' | ||
|escarmenar||card, untangle, make fluffy||[[hita]]-[[pótsíi]]-[[na]]||sth-fluffy+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|amar, desear, querer||love, desire | |'''''tlasohtla''''' | ||
|amar, desear, querer||love, desire||[[hita]]-[[saóhta]]||something+desire | |||
|- | |- | ||
|basura, suciedad||dirt, waste, trash | |'''''tlasolli''''' | ||
|basura, suciedad||dirt, waste, trash||[[hita]]-[[saóri]]||something+waste | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tortilla||tortilla | |'''''tlaxkal''''' | ||
|tortilla||tortilla||[[hita]]-[[siká]]-[[ri]]||something+roast+pass | |||
|- | |- | ||
|amanecer, volverse visible||dawn, become visible | |'''''tlatwi''''' | ||
|amanecer, volverse visible||dawn, become visible||[[hitá]]-[[tewí]]||something+be.seen | |||
|- | |- | ||
|posesión||possession | |'''''tlatki''''' | ||
|posesión||possession||[[hitá]]-[[tɨkí]]||something+carry | |||
|- | |- | ||
|barrer||sweep | |'''''tlachpana''''' | ||
|barrer||sweep||[[hita]]-[[tsipá]]-[[na]]||something+clean+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|sudor||sweat | |'''''ihtona''''' | ||
|sudor||sweat||[[hi]]-[[táwina]]||something+heat | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hablar||speak (vb.) | |'''''ihtoa''''' | ||
|hablar||speak (vb.)||[[hi]]-[[téwa]]||something+say.tr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|bailar||dance | |'''''ihtotia''''' | ||
|bailar||dance||[[hi]]-[[tɨ́wi]]-[[tɨa]]||something+dance+caus | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pluma||feather, down | |'''''ihwi''''' | ||
|pluma||feather, down||[[hiwí]]||feather | |||
|- | |- | ||
|apestar, heder||stink, smell badly | |'''''ihyaka''''' | ||
|apestar, heder||stink, smell badly||[[hɨ]]-[[yaka]]||stink+smell(emit) | |||
|- | |- | ||
|aliento||breath | |'''''ihiyo:''''' | ||
|aliento||breath||[[hi]]-[[yaóri]]||breath+heart | |||
|- | |- | ||
|camino||path, road | |'''''oh''''' | ||
|camino||path, road||[[ho]]||path | |||
|- | |- | ||
|dos||two | |'''''o:me''''' | ||
|dos||two||[[ho:]]-[[me]]||two+pl | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pino||pine | |'''''oko''''' | ||
|pino||pine||[[hoko]]||pine | |||
|- | |- | ||
|gusano||worm | |'''''okwilin''''' | ||
|gusano||worm||[[ho]]-[[kwiri]]||path+line? | |||
|- | |- | ||
|espiar, guardar||spy, stalk, guard | |'''''ihpiya''''' | ||
|espiar, guardar||spy, stalk, guard||[[ho]]-[[pɨ́ya/hi]]-[[pɨ́ya]]||path+guard/sth+guard | |||
|- | |- | ||
|deidad de caza, lado izquierdo||hunting deity, leftside | |'''''opoch''''' | ||
|deidad de caza, lado izquierdo||hunting deity, leftside||[[ho]]-[[pótsi]]||path+youth | |||
|- | |- | ||
|||| | |'''''o:l''''' | ||
|moverse, ule ||move, rubber ||[[horo]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|moverse||move | |'''''olini''''' | ||
|moverse||move||[[horo]]-[[ni]]||move+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|estómago, panza, adentro||stomach, belly, inside | |'''''ihte/ihti''''' | ||
|estómago, panza, adentro||stomach, belly, inside||[[hotɨ́]]||stomach | |||
|- | |- | ||
|dentro de||inside | |'''''ihtek''''' | ||
|dentro de||inside||[[hotɨ́]]-[[ko]]||stomack+loc | |||
|- | |- | ||
|embarazada||pregnant | |'''''ots''''' | ||
|embarazada||pregnant||[[hótsa]]||full, inflated | |||
|- | |- | ||
|difícil||difficult | |'''''ohwi''''' | ||
|difícil||difficult||[[ho]]-[[wi]]||path+pos | |||
|- | |- | ||
|doblar||fold | |'''''ilaka''''' | ||
|doblar||fold||[[ila]]-[[ka]]||turn+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|torcer, dar vuelta||twist, turn | |'''''i:lo:ti''''' | ||
|torcer, dar vuelta||twist, turn||[[ila]]-[[wa]]-[[ti]]||turn+vblzr+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|raíz||root | |'''''nelwa''''' | ||
|raíz||root||[[inieri]]-[[wa]]||root+al.pos | |||
|- | |- | ||
|querer, desear||want, desire, wish | |'''''ele:wia/ile:wia''''' | ||
|querer, desear||want, desire, wish||[[ɨri]]-[[e]]-[[wia]]||desire+poss+provide | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |'''''elka:wa/ilka:wa''''' | ||
|olvidar||forget||[[ɨri]]-[[ka]]-[[wa]]||desire+leave | |||
|- | |- | ||
|trabajar||work | |'''''elimiki''''' | ||
|trabajar||work||[[ɨri]]-[[miki]]||desire+die | |||
|- | |- | ||
|recordar||remember | |'''''elnamiki/ilnamiki''''' | ||
|recordar||remember||[[ɨri]]-[[namiki]]||desire+meet | |||
|- | |- | ||
|eructar||burp | |'''''elpotsa''''' | ||
|eructar||burp||[[ɨri]]-[[póotsa]]||liver+inflate | |||
|- | |- | ||
|servirse||serve food | |'''''elteki''''' | ||
|servirse||serve food||[[ɨri]]-[[teki]]||liver+cut | |||
|- | |- | ||
|sin consideración||inconsiderately, wantonly | |'''''eliwis''''' | ||
|sin consideración||inconsiderately, wantonly||[[ɨrɨ]]-[[wi]]-[[sV]]||desire+appl-fut? | |||
|- | |- | ||
|secreto||secret | |'''''istla:ka''''' | ||
|secreto||secret||[[ɨtsa]]-[[ka]]||secret+nmlzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|secretamente||in secret | |'''''ichtaka-''''' | ||
|secretamente||in secret||[[ɨtsi]]-[[taka]]||secret+manipulate | |||
|- | |- | ||
|robar||steal | |'''''ichteki''''' | ||
|robar||steal||[[ɨtsi]]-[[taki]]||secret+manipulate | |||
|- | |- | ||
|vida||life | |'''''yo:l''''' | ||
|vida||life||[[iyaóri]]||life | |||
|- | |- | ||
|animal||animal | |'''''yo:lka''''' | ||
|animal||animal||[[iyaóri]]-[[ka]]||life+ag | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |'''''yo:llo:/yo:lloh''''' | ||
|corazón||heart||[[iyaóri]]-[[yáwa]]||life+abstr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|sandalía, huarache||sandal, footwear | |'''''kak''''' | ||
|sandalía, huarache||sandal, footwear||[[kákai]]||sandal | |||
|- | |- | ||
|boca, mejilla||mouth, cheek | |'''''kamak''''' | ||
|boca, mejilla||mouth, cheek||[[kama]]-[[ka]]||cheek+nmlzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|camote||sweet potato | |'''''kamoh''''' | ||
|camote||sweet potato||[[kamáwi]]||sweet.potato | |||
|- | |- | ||
|no||no, not | |'''''ahmo''''' | ||
|no||no, not||[[ka]]-[[mó]]||neg+dub | |||
|- | |- | ||
|coyote||coyote | |'''''koyo:''''' | ||
|coyote||coyote||[[kaó]]-[[yáwɨ]]||canine+predator/warrior | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cereza||cherry | |'''''kapolin''''' | ||
|cereza||cherry||[[kapóri]]||ball+abs | |||
|- | |- | ||
|casa||house | |'''''kal''''' | ||
|casa||house||[[kári]]||house | |||
|- | |- | ||
|entrar adentro, ||enter inside, | |'''''kalaki''''' | ||
|entrar adentro, ||enter inside,||[[kári]]-[[hakí]]||house+enter | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cascarón, ||shell, bark | |'''''kallo''''' | ||
|cascarón, ||shell, bark||[[kári]]-[[yáwa]]||house+abstract | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pie||foot, lower leg | |'''''ikxi''''' | ||
|pie||foot, lower leg||[[kasí]]||foot | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pierna||thigh | |'''''ke:s''''' | ||
|pierna||thigh||[[kási]]||leg | |||
|- | |- | ||
|nada, ninguna cosa||nothing | |'''''ahtle''''' | ||
|nada, ninguna cosa||nothing||[[ka]]-[[tai]]||neg+something | |||
|- | |- | ||
|estar||be (in a place) | |'''''kah/kat''''' | ||
|estar||be (in a place)||[[kátɨ]]||be | |||
|- | |- | ||
|dejar||leave | |'''''ka:wa''''' | ||
|dejar||leave||[[ka]]-[[wa]]||be+vblzr.tr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|duración, tiempo||time, duration | |'''''ka:wi''''' | ||
|duración, tiempo||time, duration||[[ka]]-[[wi]]||be+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|dejar||leave sth | |'''''ka:wia''''' | ||
|dejar||leave sth||[[ka]]-[[wi]]-[[a]]||be+appl+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|mangosta||huron | |'''''kosah''''' | ||
|mangosta||huron||[[káwi]]-[[sah]]||canine+? | |||
|- | |- | ||
|morder||bite | |'''''ketsoma''''' | ||
|morder||bite||[[ke]]-[[tsoma]]||bite-? | |||
|- | |- | ||
|talón del pie||heel | |'''''ketsol''''' | ||
|talón del pie||heel||[[ke]]-[[tsóri]]||stand+snout | |||
|- | |- | ||
|árbol||tree | |'''''kwawi''''' | ||
|árbol||tree||[[kɨhawi]]||tree, stick | |||
|- | |- | ||
|parado (estar)||stand | |'''''ihkak''''' | ||
|parado (estar)||stand||[[kɨka]]-[[ko]]||stand+adj | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ratón||mouse | |'''''kimichin''''' | ||
|ratón||mouse||[[ki]]-[[mɨtsi]]-[[me]]||house+moustache+pl | |||
|- | |- | ||
|nieve||snow | |'''''sepa-yawi''''' | ||
|nieve||snow ||[[kɨpá]]-[[yawi]]||cold+precipitation | |||
|- | |- | ||
|luciernaga||firefly | |'''''ikpi''''' | ||
|luciernaga||firefly||[[kɨpí]]||firefly | |||
|- | |- | ||
|luciernaga||firefly | |'''''kopi''''' | ||
|luciernaga||firefly||[[kɨpí]]||firefly | |||
|- | |- | ||
|quelites||edible greens | |'''''kili/keli''''' | ||
|quelites||edible greens||[[kɨri]]||greens | |||
|- | |- | ||
|salir||exit, depart | |'''''ki:sa''''' | ||
|salir||exit, depart||[[kí]]-[[sa]]||house+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|levantar||stand up | |'''''ketsa''''' | ||
|levantar||stand up||[[ke]]-[[tsa]]||stand+vblzr(intr) | |||
|- | |- | ||
|Quetzal/pluma larga y verde||Quetzal bird/ long green feather | |'''''ketsal''''' | ||
|Quetzal/pluma larga y verde||Quetzal bird | |||
/ long green feather | |||
|[[ketsa]]-[[ri]]||stand+pass | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cuello, forma de palo||neck, stick-shape | |'''''ke:ch''''' | ||
|cuello, forma de palo||neck, stick-shape||[[kɨ́tsi]]||stick | |||
|- | |- | ||
|quechquemitl||poncho | |'''''kechkemi''''' | ||
|quechquemitl||poncho||[[kɨtsi]]-[[kemi]]||neck+cloth | |||
|- | |- | ||
|llúvia||rain | |'''''kiyawi''''' | ||
|llúvia||rain||[[kɨ]]-[[yawi]]||rain+precipitation | |||
|- | |- | ||
|comprar||buy | |'''''ko:wa''''' | ||
|comprar||buy||[[ko:wa]]||buy/win | |||
|- | |- | ||
|víbora, serpiente||snake | |'''''ko:wa''''' | ||
|víbora, serpiente||snake||[[ko:]]-[[wa]]||snake+? | |||
|- | |- | ||
|picante||spicy | |'''''koko:k''''' | ||
|picante||spicy||[[ko=ko]]-[[ko]]||rdpl=hurt+adj | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cabeza, frente||head, forehead | |'''''kwa''''' | ||
|cabeza, frente||head, forehead||[[kóha]]||forehead | |||
|- | |- | ||
|enfermarse, tener dolor||hurt, be sick | |'''''kokoa''''' | ||
|enfermarse, tener dolor||hurt, be sick||[[koko]]-[[wa]]||hurt+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|comal||clay griddle | |'''''komal''''' | ||
|comal||clay griddle||[[koma]]-[[ri]]||vessel+abs | |||
|- | |- | ||
|olla||pot | |'''''komi-/kon''''' | ||
|olla||pot||[[ko]]-[[mi]]||pot+pl | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ravín, depresion del terreno||depression, hollow, gully | |'''''komo:l''''' | ||
|ravín, depresion del terreno||depression, hollow, gully ||[[komi]]-[[wa]]-[[ri]]||pot+vblzr+pass | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hijo, niño||child | |'''''kone:''''' | ||
|hijo, niño||child||[[kone:]]||kin | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hacer bien, tener cariño ||favor, | |'''''ikne:lia''''' | ||
|hacer bien, tener cariño ||favor, ||[[koné]]-[[ɨria]]||kin+think | |||
|- | |- | ||
|huérfano||orphan | |'''''ikno:''''' | ||
|huérfano||orphan||[[koné]]-[[wa]]||kinsman+al.pos | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hermano/hermana||sibling | |'''''ikni:w''''' | ||
|hermano/hermana||sibling||[[koní]]-[[wa]]||kinsman+al.pos | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hilo||thread | |'''''ikpa''''' | ||
|hilo||thread||[[kopá]]||top/hair | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cima, arriba||top, above | | '''''-ikpak''''' | ||
|cima, arriba||top, above||[[kopá]]-[[ko]]||top/hair+loc | |||
|- | |- | ||
|asiento||seat | |'''''ikpal''''' | ||
|asiento||seat||[[kopá]]-[[ri]]||top+abs | |||
|- | |- | ||
|corvado||curved, hook-shaped | |'''''koltik''''' | ||
|corvado||curved, hook-shaped||[[kóri]]-[[tɨ]]-[[ko]]||curve+abs+adj | |||
|- | |- | ||
|alacrán||scorpion | |'''''kolo:''''' | ||
|alacrán||scorpion||[[koroi]]||arachnid/scolopendra | |||
|- | |- | ||
|collar||necklace | |'''''ko:ska''''' | ||
|collar||necklace||[[kósa]]-[[ka]]||yellow+nmlzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|arco iris||rainbow | |'''''kosamalo:''''' | ||
|arco iris||rainbow||[[kosa]]-[[ma]]-[[rawi]]||nacreous+?+precipitation | |||
|- | |- | ||
|amarillo||yellow | |'''''kostik''''' | ||
|amarillo||yellow||[[kósa]]-[[ti]]-[[ko]]||yellow+rel+adj | |||
|- | |- | ||
|dormir||sleep | |'''''kochi''''' | ||
|dormir||sleep||[[kotsi]]||sleep | |||
|- | |- | ||
|javelina||peccary | |'''''koyame''''' | ||
|javelina||peccary||[[koya]]-[[me]]||peccary+pl | |||
|- | |- | ||
|agujerar||bore, make hole | |'''''koyo:ni''''' | ||
|agujerar||bore, make hole||[[koyo]]-[[ni]]||hole+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|coyol, cascabel||bell | |'''''koyol''''' | ||
|coyol, cascabel||bell||[[koyo]]-[[ri]]||shell+abs | |||
|- | |- | ||
|agujero||hole | |'''''koyok''''' | ||
|agujero||hole||[[koyo]]-[[wa]]||hole+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|comer||eat | |'''''kwa:''''' | ||
|comer||eat||[[kwaha]]||eat | |||
|- | |- | ||
|águila||eagle | |'''''kwaw-''''' | ||
|águila||eagle||[[kwahɨ]]||eagle | |||
|- | |- | ||
bueno||good|| | |'''''kwal-'''''||bueno||good||[[kɨwá]]-ri||good+abs | ||
|- | |- | ||
|madurarse, cocerse||ripen, become cooked | |'''''ikwsi''''' | ||
|madurarse, cocerse||ripen, become cooked||[[kwasí]]||ripen, cook | |||
|- | |- | ||
|capa, tela||cloak, cloth | |'''''kwach''''' | ||
|capa, tela||cloak, cloth||[[kwátsi]]||cloth | |||
|- | |- | ||
|falda, enagua||skirt, underskirt | |'''''kweyi''''' | ||
|falda, enagua||skirt, underskirt||[[kwáyi]]||skirt | |||
|- | |- | ||
|agarrar, quitar||take, remove | |'''''kwi:''''' | ||
|agarrar, quitar||take, remove||[[kweí]]||take | |||
|- | |- | ||
|moler (polvo)||grind (to powder) | |'''''kwechoa''''' | ||
|moler (polvo)||grind (to powder)||[[kweí]]-[[tsiwa]]||dust+make | |||
|- | |- | ||
|lagartija, iguana||lizard, iguana | |'''''kwetspalin''''' | ||
|lagartija, iguana||lizard, iguana||[[kwetsa]]-[[pári]]-[[me]]||lizard+flat+pl | |||
|- | |- | ||
|rana||frog | |'''''kweya''''' | ||
|rana||frog||[[kweya]]||frog | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cantar||sing | |'''''kwi:ka''''' | ||
|cantar||sing||[[kwika]]||sing | |||
|- | |- | ||
|rayas, obsidiana o jaspe rayada||stripes, striped obsidian | |'''''kwikwil''''' | ||
|rayas, obsidiana o jaspe rayada||stripes, striped obsidian||[[kwi]]-[[kwíri]]||rdpl+stripe | |||
|- | |- | ||
|halcón||hawk | |'''''kwixin''''' | ||
|halcón||hawk||[[kwísi]]-[[me]]||hawk-pl | |||
|- | |- | ||
|excremento||excrement | |'''''kwitla''''' | ||
|excremento||excrement||[[kwita]]||excrement | |||
|- | |- | ||
|espalda||back | |'''''kwitlapan''''' | ||
|espalda||back||[[kwita]]-[[páni]]||excrement+on | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cola||tail | |'''''kwitlapil''''' | ||
|cola||tail||[[kwita]]-[[pɨ́ri]]||excrement+appendage | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cuero||leather, | |'''''kwitlax''''' | ||
|cuero||leather, ||[[kwita]]-[[si]]||excrement+skin | |||
|- | |- | ||
|dar||give | |'''''ma:ka''''' | ||
|dar||give||[[ma:ka]]||give | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tocar, rascar, manosear||touch, scratch, fondle | |'''''ma:taka''''' | ||
|tocar, rascar, manosear||touch, scratch, fondle||[[ma:]]-[[taka]]||hand+manipulate | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |'''''ma:(i)''''' | ||
|mano||hand||[[ma:]]-[[yi]]||hand+inal.pos | |||
|- | |- | ||
|dedo||finger | |'''''mahpil''''' | ||
|dedo||finger||[[mah]]-[[pɨ́ri]]||hand+appendage | |||
|- | |- | ||
|diez||ten | |'''''mahtlak''''' | ||
|diez||ten||[[mah]]-[[tlaka]]||hand+body | |||
|- | |- | ||
|maguey||agave | |'''''me''''' | ||
|maguey||agave||[[mai]]||maguey | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cuerda, mecate||rope, cord | |'''''meka''''' | ||
|cuerda, mecate||rope, cord||[[mai]]-[[ka]]||maguey+nmlzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|mecapal||tumpline | |'''''mekapal''''' | ||
|mecapal||tumpline||[[mai]]-[[ka]]-[[pari]]||maguey+nmlzr+flat | |||
|- | |- | ||
|malacate||spindle whorl | |'''''malaka''''' | ||
|malacate||spindle whorl||[[ma]]-[[ila]]-[[ka]]||hand+turn+nmlzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|girar||spin | |'''''malakachoa''''' | ||
|girar||spin||[[ma]]-[[ila]]-[[ka]]-[[tsiwa]]||hand+turn+nmlzr+make | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |'''''me:x/mi:x''''' | ||
|nube||cloud||[[maɨ́si]]||cloud, vapour | |||
|- | |- | ||
|todo||all | |'''''mochi''''' | ||
|todo||all||[[maɨtsi]]||all | |||
|- | |- | ||
|deidad de maguey y pulque||Maguey deity | |'''''mayawe:l''''' | ||
|deidad de maguey y pulque||Maguey deity||[[mai]]-[[yawa]]-[[ri]]||maguey+abstract+abs | |||
|- | |- | ||
|palma de la mano||palm of hand | |'''''ma:kpal''''' | ||
|palma de la mano||palm of hand||[[ma]]-[[ko]]-[[pári]]||hand+loc+flat | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cinco||five | |'''''ma:kwil''''' | ||
|cinco||five||[[ma]]-[[kwei]]-[[ri]]||hand+take+pass | |||
|- | |- | ||
|extender, dispersar||extend, spread out | |'''''mani/mana''''' | ||
|extender, dispersar||extend, spread out||[[mani/mana]]||extend horizontally | |||
|- | |- | ||
|mañana||tomorrow | |'''''mo:stla''''' | ||
|mañana||tomorrow||[[maosa]]-[[ta]]||tomorrow+loc | |||
|- | |- | ||
|mapache||raccoon | |'''''mapach''''' | ||
|mapache||raccoon||[[ma]]-[[pátsi]]||hand+? | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cautivo||captive | |'''''ma:l''''' | ||
|cautivo||captive||[[mári]]||hand+abs | |||
|- | |- | ||
|venado||deer | |'''''masa:''''' | ||
|venado||deer||[[masá]]||deer | |||
|- | |- | ||
|red||net | |'''''matla''''' | ||
|red||net||[[matá]]||net | |||
|- | |- | ||
|saber||know | |'''''mati''''' | ||
|saber||know||[[mati]]||know | |||
|- | |- | ||
|al parecer, conocimiento||apparently, knowledge | |'''''mach''''' | ||
|al parecer, conocimiento||apparently, knowledge||[[mátsi]]||know | |||
|- | |- | ||
|metate||grindstone | |'''''metla''''' | ||
|metate||grindstone||[[meta]]||grindstone | |||
|- | |- | ||
|mano del metate||grindstone pestle | |'''''metlapil''''' | ||
|mano del metate||grindstone pestle||[[meta]]-[[pɨ́ri]]||grindstone+attachment | |||
|- | |- | ||
|luna||moon | |'''''me:ts''''' | ||
|luna||moon||[[metsa]]||moon | |||
|- | |- | ||
|lejos, distante||far, distant | |'''''wehka''''' | ||
|lejos, distante||far, distant ||[[mɨhka]]||far | |||
|- | |- | ||
|flecha||arrow | |'''''mi-''''' | ||
|flecha||arrow||[[mɨi]]||arrow | |||
|- | |- | ||
|picar, perforar||pierce, perforate | |'''''mina/mini''''' | ||
|picar, perforar||pierce, perforate||[[mɨí]]-[[na/ni]]||arrow+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|mucho||many, much | |'''''miyak''''' | ||
|mucho||many, much||[[mɨíya]]||many, much | |||
|- | |- | ||
|morir||die | |'''''miki''''' | ||
|morir||die||[[mɨ́ki]]||die | |||
|- | |- | ||
|inframundo de muertos||death realm | |'''''miktla:n''''' | ||
|inframundo de muertos||death realm||[[mɨ́ki]]-[[tana]]||dead+loc.poss | |||
|- | |- | ||
|campo de maíz||maize plantation | |'''''mil''''' | ||
|campo de maíz||maize plantation||[[mɨ́ra]]||maize | |||
|- | |- | ||
|felino||feline | |'''''mis-''''' | ||
|felino||feline||[[mɨ́sa]]||feline | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pez, pescado||fish | |'''''michin''''' | ||
|pez, pescado||fish||[[mɨ́tsi]]-[[me]]||catfish/moustache+pl | |||
|- | |- | ||
|espíga de maíz||maize tassel | |'''''miyawa''''' | ||
|espíga de maíz||maize tassel||[[mɨ́ya]]-[[wa]]||maize.tassel+al | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hacer espuma||make foam | |'''''momolotsa''''' | ||
|hacer espuma||make foam||[[mo=moro]]-[[tsa]]||rdpl=foam+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|yerno||son in-law | |'''''mo:n''''' | ||
|yerno||son in-law||[[móne]]||son in-law | |||
|- | |- | ||
|mole, salsa hervida||sauce | |'''''mo:l''''' | ||
|mole, salsa hervida||sauce||[[móro]]-||sauce | |||
|- | |- | ||
|burbujear al hervir||boil, bubble | |'''''moloni''''' | ||
|burbujear al hervir||boil, bubble||[[móro]]-[[ni]]||bubble, foam+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|apedrear||stone, throw stones | |'''''mo:tla''''' | ||
|apedrear||stone, throw stones||[[mota]]||throw | |||
|- | |- | ||
|brotar, manar (liquido)||spring, flow (liquid) | |'''''ma:ni''''' | ||
|brotar, manar (liquido)||spring, flow (liquid)||[[maanei]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|trabajador de pluma||feather worker | |'''''a:ma:nte:ka''''' | ||
|trabajador de pluma||feather worker||[[n/a]]||n/a | |||
|- | |- | ||
|plato||plate, flat bowl|| | |'''''kaxitl''''' | ||
|plato||plate, flat bowl||Totonac loan||n/a | |||
|- | |- | ||
|carne||meat, flesh | |'''''naka''''' | ||
|carne||meat, flesh||[[naka]]||opuntia.pad | |||
|- | |- | ||
|oreja||ear | |'''''nakas''''' | ||
|oreja||ear||[[nakasa]]||ear | |||
|- | |- | ||
|querer, desear||want, desire, like | |'''''neki''''' | ||
|querer, desear||want, desire, like||[[naki]]||want | |||
|- | |- | ||
|encontrarse||meet | |'''''na:miki''''' | ||
|encontrarse||meet||[[namiki]]||meet | |||
|- | |- | ||
|responder||answer | |'''''nankilia''''' | ||
|responder||answer||[[námikí]]-[[ria?]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|madre||mother | |'''''na:n''''' | ||
|madre||mother||[[nána]]||mother | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hongo||mushroom | |'''''nanaka''''' | ||
|hongo||mushroom||[[na]]-[[naka]]||rdpl=opuntia | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ladrar||bark | |'''''nanaltsa/nanalka''''' | ||
|ladrar||bark||[[na]]-[[nara]]-[[tsa/ka]]||rdpl+cry+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|abrazar||embrace, hug | |'''''napaloa''''' | ||
|abrazar||embrace, hug||[[napári]]-[[wa]]||embrace | |||
|- | |- | ||
|lado opuesto||other side | |'''''nal''''' | ||
|lado opuesto||other side||[[nari]]||other side | |||
|- | |- | ||
|mezclar||mix | |'''''neloa''''' | ||
|mezclar||mix||[[naro]]-[[wa]]||mix+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cenizas||ashes | |'''''nex''''' | ||
|cenizas||ashes||[[nási]]||ashes | |||
|- | |- | ||
|nixtamal||nixtamal | |'''''ne:xtamal''''' | ||
|nixtamal||nixtamal ||[[nasi]]-[[tɨma]]-[[ri]]||ashes+steam+pass | |||
|- | |- | ||
|junto a||close to | | '''''-na:wak''''' | ||
|junto a||close to||[[nawa]]-[[ko]]||root+loc | |||
|- | |- | ||
|nagual||sorcerer | |'''''nawal''''' | ||
|nagual||sorcerer||[[nawá]]-[[ri]]||steal+abs | |||
|- | |- | ||
|responder, mandar||respond, order | |'''''na:wa-tia''''' | ||
|responder, mandar||respond, order||[[nawa]]-[[tia]]||announce+caus | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cuatro||four | |'''''nawi''''' | ||
|cuatro||four||[[nawi]]||four | |||
|- | |- | ||
|nopal||nopal pad | |'''''nohpal''''' | ||
|nopal||nopal pad||[[náwo]]-[[pári]]||opuntia+flat | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tuna||prickly pear | |'''''no:ch-''''' | ||
|tuna||prickly pear||[[náwo]]-[[tsi]]||opuntia+point | |||
|- | |- | ||
|vender||sell | |'''''nemaka/namaka''''' | ||
|vender||sell||[[ne]]-[[maka]]||rcpr+give | |||
|- | |- | ||
|vivir, andar||live, walk around | |'''''nemi''''' | ||
|vivir, andar||live, walk around||[[nemi]]||walk | |||
|- | |- | ||
|vágina||vulva | |'''''nene''''' | ||
|vágina||vulva||[[nene]]||tongue(?) | |||
|- | |- | ||
|lengua (de la boca)||tongue | |'''''nenepil''''' | ||
|lengua (de la boca)||tongue||[[nene]]-[[pɨ́ri]]||tongue+appendage | |||
|- | |- | ||
|verdadero||truth | |'''''ne:l''''' | ||
|verdadero||truth||[[nieri]]||see | |||
|- | |- | ||
|aparecer||appear | |'''''ne:si''''' | ||
|aparecer||appear||[[nieri]]||see | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |'''''neha/nehwa/naha''''' | ||
|yo||I||[[nɨ]]-[[hewa]]||1Sg+dem | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hablar||speak | |'''''no:ka''''' | ||
|hablar||speak||[[nio]]-[[ka]]||speak+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hablar a alguién||speak to someone, address | |'''''no:tsa''''' | ||
|hablar a alguién||speak to someone, address||[[nio]]-[[tsa]]||speak+vblzr.tr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hombre adulto, varón||adult man | |'''''okich''''' | ||
|hombre adulto, varón||adult man||[[oki]]-[[tsi]]||man+nmlzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hueso||bone | |'''''omi''''' | ||
|hueso||bone||[[omɨ]]||bone | |||
|- | |- | ||
|olote||center of corn cob | |'''''olo:''''' | ||
|olote||center of corn cob||[[ora]]-[[(ri)]]-[[wa]]||degrain+pas-al.poss | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hule||rubber | |'''''o:l''''' | ||
|hule||rubber||[[oro]]||ball | |||
|- | |- | ||
|jaguar||jaguar | |'''''ose:lo:''''' | ||
|jaguar||jaguar||[[ouse]]-[[rawɨ]]||big.cat+predator | |||
|- | |- | ||
|caña||cane | |'''''owa''''' | ||
|caña||cane||[[owa]]||cane | |||
|- | |- | ||
|alegre, estar feliz||happy, be | |'''''pa:ki''''' | ||
|alegre, estar feliz||happy, be||[[pa:ki]]||be.happy | |||
|- | |- | ||
|derritir||melt (vb.) | |'''''pa:ti''''' | ||
|derritir||melt (vb.)||[[pa:]]-[[ti]]||water+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|medicina, veneno||medicine, poison | |'''''pah''''' | ||
|medicina, veneno||medicine, poison||[[páha]]||medicine | |||
|- | |- | ||
|curar||cure, heal | |'''''pahti''''' | ||
|curar||cure, heal||[[páha]]-[[ti]]||medicine+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|instrumento, cosa plana||tool, flat thing | |'''''pal''''' | ||
|instrumento, cosa plana||tool, flat thing||[[páɨre]]||tool/pad.shape | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ayudar||help | |'''''pale:wia''''' | ||
|ayudar||help||[[páɨré]]-[[wia]]||flat.tool+supply | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tejón/coati||coati | |'''''pesoh-''''' | ||
|tejón/coati||coati||[[páisɨwi]]||coati | |||
|- | |- | ||
|lavar||wash | |'''''pa:ka''''' | ||
|lavar||wash||[[pá]]-[[ka]]||water+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|en, sobre||on|| | |'''''pan''''' | ||
|en, sobre||on||-[[pá]]-[[na]]||up+loc.poss | |||
|- | |- | ||
|sobrepasar||surpass (vb. tr.) | |'''''panawia''''' | ||
|sobrepasar||surpass (vb. tr.)||[[pána]]-[[wia]]||on+supply | |||
|- | |- | ||
|arriba||up | |'''''pani''''' | ||
|arriba||up||[[pá]]-[[ni]]||on-loc | |||
|- | |- | ||
|causa||cause|| | | '''''-pampa''''' | ||
|causa||cause||-[[páni]]-[[pa]]||up+loc | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pasar, cruzar (vb tr.)||pass, cross (vb tr.) | |'''''panoa''''' | ||
|pasar, cruzar (vb tr.)||pass, cross (vb tr.)||[[páni]]-[[wa]]||on+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pasar, cruzar||pass, cross (vb intr.) | |'''''pano''''' | ||
|pasar, cruzar||pass, cross (vb intr.)||[[páni]]-[[wi]]||on+move | |||
|- | |- | ||
|aletear||flutter wings | |'''''papatlaka''''' | ||
|aletear||flutter wings||[[pa]]-[[pátla]]-[[ka]]||rdpl+become.broad+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|clavarse al agua||dive in | |'''''polaki''''' | ||
|clavarse al agua||dive in||[[pári]]-[[haki]]||water+enter | |||
|- | |- | ||
|mojado||wet | |'''''paltik''''' | ||
|mojado||wet||[[pá]]-[[ri]]-[[tɨa]]||water+abs+caus | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hacer trueque, cambiar||swap, change | |'''''patla''''' | ||
|hacer trueque, cambiar||swap, change||[[páta]]||swap | |||
|- | |- | ||
|volar||fly | |'''''patla:ni''''' | ||
|volar||fly||[[páta]]-[[ni]]||broad+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ancho, volverse||become broad | |'''''patla:wa''''' | ||
|ancho, volverse||become broad||[[páta]]-[[wa]]||broad+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|jugar al azar||play game of chance | |'''''patoa''''' | ||
|jugar al azar||play game of chance||[[pátiwa]]||price+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|precio, premio||price | |'''''pati:w''''' | ||
|precio, premio||price||[[páti]]-[[wa]]||price+al.pos | |||
|- | |- | ||
|juego de azar||game of chance | |'''''pato:lli''''' | ||
|juego de azar||game of chance||[[páti]]-[[wa]]-[[ri]]||price+al.pos+abs | |||
|- | |- | ||
|aplastar, hacer pulpa||mash | |'''''patsa:wa''''' | ||
|aplastar, hacer pulpa||mash||[[pá]]-[[tsa]]-[[wa]]||on-vblzr-vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|heno||moss | |'''''pach''''' | ||
|heno||moss||[[pátsi]]||on-dim | |||
|- | |- | ||
|apretar, aplastar||press, | |'''''pachoa''''' | ||
|apretar, aplastar||press, ||[[pá]]-[[tsiwa]]||on.top+make | |||
|- | |- | ||
|exprimir||squeeze our liquid | |'''''pa:tska''''' | ||
|exprimir||squeeze our liquid||[[pátso]]-[[ka]]||squeeze+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|peyote||peyote | |'''''peyo:''''' | ||
|peyote||peyote||[[peo]]-[[yáwa]]||peyote+abstr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hacer liso||make smooth, flatten | |'''''petla:wa''''' | ||
|hacer liso||make smooth, flatten||[[péta]]-[[wa]]||flat-vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|empezar, quitar, hacer soltar||begin, detach, peel | |'''''pe:wa''''' | ||
|empezar, quitar, hacer soltar||begin, detach, peel||[[pé]]-[[wa]]||priv+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|soplar||blow | |'''''pi:tsa''''' | ||
|soplar||blow||[[pí:tsa]]||blow, make thin | |||
|- | |- | ||
|angosto, delgado||thin | |'''''pi:tsawak''''' | ||
|angosto, delgado||thin||[[pí:tsa]]-[[wa]]-[[ko]]||thin+vblzr+adj | |||
|- | |- | ||
|abeja||bee | |'''''pipiyolin''''' | ||
|abeja||bee||[[pɨ=pɨ́yi]]-[[wari]]-[[me]]||rdpl=bee+?+pl | |||
|- | |- | ||
|semilla, hueso de fruta||seed (of fruit) | |'''''pi:ts-''''' | ||
|semilla, hueso de fruta||seed (of fruit)||[[pɨɨ́tsV]]||seed | |||
|- | |- | ||
|guardar, tener||guard, keep, hold | |'''''piya''''' | ||
|guardar, tener||guard, keep, hold||[[pɨ́ra]]||hold/tie | |||
|- | |- | ||
|bebé, niño||baby, child | |'''''pil''''' | ||
|bebé, niño||baby, child||[[pɨ́ri]]||appendage | |||
|- | |- | ||
|atar, amarrar||tie, bind | |'''''ilpia''''' | ||
|atar, amarrar||tie, bind||[[pɨrí]]-[[ha]]||hold/tie+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|colgado, estar|| hanging, be | |'''''pilka''''' | ||
|colgado, estar|| hanging, be||[[pɨ́ri]]-[[ka]]||appendage+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|colgar, estar pegado a ||hang, be attached | |'''''piloa''''' | ||
|colgar, estar pegado a ||hang, be attached||[[pɨ́ri]]-[[wa]]||appendage+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|jabalí||peccary | |'''''pitso''''' | ||
|jabalí||peccary||[[pítsa]]-[[wa]]||blow-al.pos | |||
|- | |- | ||
|besar||kiss | |'''''pitsoa''''' | ||
|besar||kiss||[[pɨ̒tse]]-[[wa]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|humo||smoke (n.) | |'''''po:k''''' | ||
|humo||smoke (n.)||[[pó:ka]]||steam+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|inflar||inflate | |'''''potsa''''' | ||
|inflar||inflate||[[pó:]]-[[tsa]]||steam+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|humear||smoke (vb) | |'''''popo:ka''''' | ||
|humear||smoke (vb)||[[po]]-[[pó:]]-[[ka]]||rdpl+steam+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|trunco, cortado||stub | | '''''-po:l''''' | ||
|trunco, cortado||stub||[[póri]]||stub | |||
|- | |- | ||
|destruir, perecer||destroy, dissappear, | |'''''poloa/poliwi''''' | ||
|destruir, perecer||destroy, dissappear, ||[[póri]]-[[wa/wi]]||stub+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|||| | |'''''poliwi''''' | ||
| || ||[[pori]]-[[wi]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|||| | |'''''poloa''''' | ||
| || ||[[poro]]-[[wa]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hincharse||swell | |'''''posa:wa''''' | ||
|hincharse||swell||[[pósa:]]-[[wa]]||swell+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hervir||boil | |'''''posoni''''' | ||
|hervir||boil||[[póso]]-[[ni]]||boil+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pozole||pozole stew | |'''''posol''''' | ||
|pozole||pozole stew||[[póso]]-[[ri]]||boil+pass | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ceiba||kapok/cottonwood tree | |'''''po:cho:''''' | ||
|ceiba||kapok/cottonwood tree||[[pótsíi]]-[[wa]]||fluffy+al.poss | |||
|- | |- | ||
|mercader||merchant | |'''''pochteka''''' | ||
|mercader||merchant||[[pótsi]]-[[teka]]||ceiba+gentility | |||
|- | |- | ||
|decir||tell (vb.) | |'''''ilwia''''' | ||
|decir||tell (vb.)||[[rewí]]-[[ha]]||say.intr+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cielo||sky | |'''''ilwika''''' | ||
|cielo||sky||[[rewíka]]||sky | |||
|- | |- | ||
|volar||fly | |'''''sayolin''''' | ||
|volar||fly||[[sai]]-[[hori]]||fly+flying.insect | |||
|- | |- | ||
|zacate||grass | |'''''saka''''' | ||
|zacate||grass||[[saka]]||grass | |||
|- | |- | ||
|esquite, maíz tostado||roast maize kernels | |'''''iski''''' | ||
|esquite, maíz tostado||roast maize kernels||[[sakí]]||roast (vb.) | |||
|- | |- | ||
|codorniz||quail | |'''''so:lin''''' | ||
|codorniz||quail||[[saori]]-[[me]]||quail+pl | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hoja||leaf/to sprout | |'''''ixwa/iswa''''' | ||
|hoja||leaf/to sprout||[[sawá]]||leaf | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |'''''se:/se:n''''' | ||
|uno||one||[[se:mi]]||one | |||
|- | |- | ||
|frio||cold | |'''''sese:k''''' | ||
|frio||cold||[[se=se]]-[[ko]]||rdpl+cold+adj | |||
|- | |- | ||
|entumecerse||become numb | |'''''sepowa''''' | ||
|entumecerse||become numb||[[sek]]-[[pówa]]||cold+? | |||
|- | |- | ||
|apagarse, apaciguarse||calm, become cold | |'''''sewi/sewia''''' | ||
|apagarse, apaciguarse||calm, become cold||[[sek]]-[[wi]]||cold+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|sólo, solitario||alone, only | |'''''se:l''''' | ||
|sólo, solitario||alone, only||[[se]]-[[ri]]||one+abs | |||
|- | |- | ||
|frio, estar||cold, be | |'''''se:+wi/a''''' | ||
|frio, estar||cold, be||[[se]]-[[wi]]||cold+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|adobe||adobe | |'''''xa:mi''''' | ||
|adobe||adobe||[[siha]]-[[mi]]||sand+pl | |||
|- | |- | ||
|arena||sand | |'''''xa:l''''' | ||
|arena||sand||[[siha]]-[[ri]]||sand+abs | |||
|- | |- | ||
|agrio||sour | |'''''xoko:k''''' | ||
|agrio||sour||[[sihɨ]]-[[ko]]-[[ko]]||sour+adj+adj | |||
|- | |- | ||
|compañero, paje||companion, page | |'''''xolo:''''' | ||
|compañero, paje||companion, page||[[siho]]-[[rawɨ]]||star+predator | |||
|- | |- | ||
|dividir||divide | |'''''xeloa/xeliwi''''' | ||
|dividir||divide||[[siɨ]]-[[ri]]-[[wa/wi]]||split+pass+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tostar||roast | |'''''ixka''''' | ||
|tostar||roast||[[siká]]||roast (vb.) | |||
|- | |- | ||
|jícara||bowl | |'''''xikal''''' | ||
|jícara||bowl||[[si]]-[[kari]]||skin/peel+container | |||
|- | |- | ||
|sóbaco, axila||armpit | |'''''itskal''''' | ||
|sóbaco, axila||armpit||[[siká]]-[[ri]]||arm+abs | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ombligo, cuerda umbilical||navel, umbilical cord | |'''''xik''''' | ||
|ombligo, cuerda umbilical||navel, umbilical cord||[[síku]]||navel | |||
|- | |- | ||
|maíz||maize | |'''''sen /sin''''' | ||
|maíz||maize||[[sɨ́nɨ]]||maize | |||
|- | |- | ||
|mujer, hembra||woman, female | |'''''siwa:''''' | ||
|mujer, hembra||woman, female||[[sɨ́ni]]-[[wa]]||wife+ali? | |||
|- | |- | ||
|deidad de venus||venus deity | |'''''xo:lo:''''' | ||
|deidad de venus||venus deity||[[sió]]-[[rawɨ]]||star+predator | |||
|- | |- | ||
|arruga, pliegue||wrinkle, fold | |'''''xoloch''''' | ||
|arruga, pliegue||wrinkle, fold||[[sióro]]-[[tsi]]||fold+small | |||
|- | |- | ||
|estrella||star | |'''''sitla:lin''''' | ||
|estrella||star||[[sɨ́otari]]-[[me]]||minor.star.twin+pl | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pelar, desollar||peel, flay | |'''''xipewa''''' | ||
|pelar, desollar||peel, flay||[[si]]-[[pé]]-[[wa]]||skin/peel+priv-vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|jilote||baby corn | |'''''xi:lo''''' | ||
|jilote||baby corn||[[síra]]-[[wa]]||jilote+al.pos | |||
|- | |- | ||
|resbalar, deslizarse||slide, | |'''''xitlani''''' | ||
|resbalar, deslizarse||slide, ||[[sitani]]||slide, slip | |||
|- | |- | ||
|uña, garra||nail, claw | |'''''iste/isti''''' | ||
|uña, garra||nail, claw||[[sɨtɨ́]]||nail/claw | |||
|- | |- | ||
|jitomate||tomato | |'''''xito:ma''''' | ||
|jitomate||tomato||[[si]]-[[toma]]||skin+tomato | |||
|- | |- | ||
|flor||flower | |'''''xo:chi''''' | ||
|flor||flower||[[síwa]]-[[tsi]]||flower | |||
|- | |- | ||
|olla||pot | |'''''xok-''''' | ||
|olla||pot||[[síwe]]-[[ka]]||pot+nmlzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hierba, planta||herb, plant | |'''''xiwi''''' | ||
|hierba, planta||herb, plant||[[siwi]]||plant | |||
|- | |- | ||
|liebre||hare | |'''''sih-''''' | ||
|liebre||hare||[[sɨwi]]||hare | |||
|- | |- | ||
|fruta||fruit | |'''''xoko''''' | ||
|fruta||fruit||[[siwi]]-[[ko]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cebolla||onion | |'''''xonaka''''' | ||
|cebolla||onion||[[síwɨ]]-[[naka]]||onion+opuntia.pad | |||
|- | |- | ||
|temprada de llúvia||rainy season | |'''''xo:pan''''' | ||
|temprada de llúvia||rainy season||[[síwi]]-[[páni]]||plant+on | |||
|- | |- | ||
|brotar, florear, destellar||bloom, flash, | |'''''xo:tla''''' | ||
|brotar, florear, destellar||bloom, flash, ||[[siwi]]-[[ta]]||leaf+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|año||year | |'''''xiwi''''' | ||
|año||year||[[siwi]]-[[wi]]||plant?+year? | |||
|- | |- | ||
|mojarse||become wet (vb) | |'''''siyawi''''' | ||
|mojarse||become wet (vb)||[[sɨyawi]]||wet | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ensartar, perforar||insert, pierce | |'''''so''''' | ||
|ensartar, perforar||insert, pierce||[[so]]||pierce | |||
|- | |- | ||
|abuela (materna)||grandmother (maternal) | |'''''sih-''''' | ||
|abuela (materna)||grandmother | |||
(maternal) | |||
|[[su]]||grandmother (maternal) | |||
|- | |- | ||
|nacer||be born | |'''''tla:kati''''' | ||
|nacer||be born||[[ta:ka]]-[[ti]]||ta:ka+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|algo, lo que||something, what, that | |'''''tle/tay''''' | ||
|algo, lo que||something, what, that||[[tahi]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|subir||ascend | |'''''tlehko''''' | ||
|subir||ascend||[[tahika]]-[[wi]]||?+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|fogón, hogar||fireplace | |'''''tlekwili''''' | ||
|fogón, hogar||fireplace||[[tahi]]-[[kwi]]-[[ri]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tuza||gopher | |'''''to:san''''' | ||
|tuza||gopher||[[tahó]]-[[sa]]-[[me]]||rodent+mid?+pl | |||
|- | |- | ||
|fuego, lumbre||fire | |'''''tle''''' | ||
|fuego, lumbre||fire||[[tai]]||fire | |||
|- | |- | ||
|carbón||coal, charcoal | |'''''tleko:l''''' | ||
|carbón||coal, charcoal||[[tai]]-[[kóa]]-[[ri]]||fire+eat+pass | |||
|- | |- | ||
|fruto||fruit | |'''''tlakil''''' | ||
|fruto||fruit||[[taki]]-[[ri]]||give.fruit+pass | |||
|- | |- | ||
|bastón||staff | |'''''tlako''''' | ||
|bastón||staff||[[tako]]||stick | |||
|- | |- | ||
|lanza, dardo||spear, dart | |'''''tlakoch''''' | ||
|lanza, dardo||spear, dart||[[takó]]-[[tsi]]||stick+point | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tlacuache||opossum | |'''''tlakwatsin''''' | ||
|tlacuache||opossum||[[takwatsi]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|medir||measure | |'''''tamachi:wa''''' | ||
|medir||measure||[[tama?]]-[[tsiwa]]||measure+do | |||
|- | |- | ||
|diente||tooth | |'''''tla:n''''' | ||
|diente||tooth||[[táme]]||tooth | |||
|- | |- | ||
|arco (arma)||bow | |'''''tlawito:l''''' | ||
|arco (arma)||bow||[[ta]]-[[mɨi]]-[[tori]]||something+pierce+reed | |||
|- | |- | ||
|abajo de||under, at | |'''''tlan''''' | ||
|abajo de||under, at||[[]]-[[tá]]-[[na]]||loc+loc.pos | |||
|- | |- | ||
|abajo||down | |'''''tlani''''' | ||
|abajo||down||[[]]-[[táni]]||loc+loc | |||
|- | |- | ||
|rodilla||knee | |'''''tla:nkwa:''''' | ||
|rodilla||knee||[[táno]]-[[kwa]]||knee+head | |||
|- | |- | ||
|conejo||rabbit | |'''''to:ch''''' | ||
|conejo||rabbit||[[tao]]-[[tsi]]||rodent+small | |||
|- | |- | ||
|quebrar||break | |'''''tlap:ana''''' | ||
|quebrar||break||[[tapana]]||break | |||
|- | |- | ||
|correr||run | |'''''tlaloa''''' | ||
|correr||run||[[tara]]-[[wa]]||foot+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|quemarse||burn (vb. intr.) | |'''''tlatla''''' | ||
|quemarse||burn (vb. intr.)||[[tata]]||burn | |||
|- | |- | ||
|rojo||red | |'''''tlatlawki''''' | ||
|rojo||red||[[ta]]-[[tawi]]-[[kai]]||rdpl+light+perf | |||
|- | |- | ||
|quemar||burn (vb. tr.) | |'''''tlatia''''' | ||
|quemar||burn (vb. tr.)||[[tati]]-[[a]]||burn+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|junto a||by, beside|| | |'''''te:ch''''' | ||
|junto a||by, beside||-[[ta]]-[[tsi]]||loc/acc+loc/acc | |||
|- | |- | ||
|juego de pelota||ballgame | |'''''tlach-''''' | ||
|juego de pelota||ballgame||[[tátsi]]||ballgame | |||
|- | |- | ||
|emborracharse||drunk, become | |'''''tlawa:na''''' | ||
|emborracharse||drunk, become||[[tawáa]]-[[na]]||be.drunk+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|guajolota||turkey hen | |'''''toto:li''''' | ||
|guajolota||turkey hen||[[táwari]]||turkey.hen/egg | |||
|- | |- | ||
|halcón||hawk | |'''''tloh''''' | ||
|halcón||hawk||[[táwi]]||hawk | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cerca de||close to | |'''''tlok''''' | ||
|cerca de||close to||[[táwi]]-[[ko]]||torso+loc | |||
|- | |- | ||
|calentar||heat (vb) | |'''''to:na''''' | ||
|calentar||heat (vb)||[[táwi]]-[[na]]||light+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|dia, sol||day, sun | |'''''to:nal''''' | ||
|dia, sol||day, sun||[[táwina]]-[[ri]]||calentar+pass | |||
|- | |- | ||
|rayo de sol||sun ray | |'''''tonalmiyo/tonalmeyo''''' | ||
|rayo de sol||sun ray||[[táwina]]-[[ri]]-[[mɨi]]-[[yawa]]||heat+pass+arrow+abstract | |||
|- | |- | ||
|luz||light | |'''''tlawil''''' | ||
|luz||light||[[tawí]]-[[ri]]||sun/light+abs | |||
|- | |- | ||
|piedra, roca||stone, rock | |'''''te''''' | ||
|piedra, roca||stone, rock||[[te]]||stone | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hermano menor||younger brother | |'''''te:ikka:w''''' | ||
|hermano menor||younger brother||[[te:]]-[[ku]]-[[ká]]-[[wa]]||someone+little.brother | |||
+agent+al.pos | |||
|- | |- | ||
|nosotros||we | |'''''tehame/tehwan''''' | ||
|nosotros||we||[[tehame]]||1p.pl. Pron | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pedernal||flint | |'''''tekpatl''''' | ||
|pedernal||flint||[[teka]]-[[pa]]||vitreous.rock+flat? | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cortar||cut | |'''''teki''''' | ||
|cortar||cut||[[teki]]||cut | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tecomate||gourd vessel/calabash | |'''''tekoma''''' | ||
|tecomate||gourd vessel/calabash||[[te]]-[[koma]]||stone?+vessel | |||
|- | |- | ||
|búho||owl | |'''''tekolo:tl''''' | ||
|búho||owl||[[teko]]-[[rawɨ]]||owl+predator | |||
|- | |- | ||
|señor, dueño, líder||lord, chief | |'''''tekw-''''' | ||
|señor, dueño, líder||lord, chief||[[tekowa]]||owner/chief | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cocer o bañarse al vapor||cook or bathe in steam | |'''''tema''''' | ||
|cocer o bañarse al vapor||cook or bathe in steam||[[tema]]||steam/bake | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tamal | |'''''tamal''''' | ||
|tamal||tamal||[[tema]]-[[ri]]||steam+pass | |||
|- | |- | ||
|temazcal||steambath | |'''''temaskal''''' | ||
|temazcal||steambath||[[tema]]-[[sV]]-[[kari]]||steam-fut?-house | |||
|- | |- | ||
|bajar||descend | |'''''temo''''' | ||
|bajar||descend||[[tema]]-[[wi]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|soñar||dream | |'''''temiki''''' | ||
|soñar||dream||[[temɨki]]||dream | |||
|- | |- | ||
|labio, orilla||lip, edge | |'''''te:n''''' | ||
|labio, orilla||lip, edge||[[téni]]||mouth | |||
|- | |- | ||
|||pout | |'''''te:mpotsa''''' | ||
| ||pout||[[téni]]-[[pótsa]]||lip+inflate | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cerro, montaña||hill, mountain | |'''''tepe:''''' | ||
|cerro, montaña||hill, mountain||[[tepe]]||tall | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pulga||flea | |'''''tekpin''''' | ||
|pulga||flea||[[te'pi]]-[[me]]||louse+pl | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pescadito||small fish | |'''''topoh''''' | ||
|pescadito||small fish||[[tepo]]||fish | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tambor de tronco||log drum | |'''''teponas''''' | ||
|tambor de tronco||log drum||[[tepo]]-[[na]]-[[sa]]||cut+vblzr+nmlzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|metal, cobre||metal, copper | |'''''tepos''''' | ||
|metal, cobre||metal, copper||[[tepo]]-[[ra]]||cut+instr? | |||
|- | |- | ||
|truncado, tronco||stub, trunk | |'''''tepol''''' | ||
|truncado, tronco||stub, trunk||[[tepo]]-[[ri]]||cut+pass | |||
|- | |- | ||
|peñasco, horno||cliff, rock overhang, oven | |'''''texkal''''' | ||
|peñasco, horno||cliff, rock overhang, oven||[[teri]]-[[kari]]||rock-house | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tejolote||pestle | |'''''texolo''''' | ||
|tejolote||pestle||[[tesi]]-[[wa]]-[[riwa]]||grind+pass+instr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cueva||cave | |'''''osto''''' | ||
|cueva||cave||[[tesó]]||cave | |||
|- | |- | ||
|espejo de obsidiana||obsidian mirror | |'''''teska''''' | ||
|espejo de obsidiana||obsidian mirror||[[téso]]-[[ka]]||cave+nmlzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|Tezcatlipoca (deidad)||Tezcatlipoca (deity) | |'''''teskatlipoka''''' | ||
|Tezcatlipoca (deidad)||Tezcatlipoca (deity)||[[tesoka]]-[[tɨ]]-[[poka]]||mirror-abs-youth | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tezontle||porous volcanic rock | |'''''teson''''' | ||
|tezontle||porous volcanic rock||[[tesoni]]||porous volcanic rock | |||
|- | |- | ||
|montículo, piramide||stone mound, pyramid/temple | |'''''tetel''''' | ||
|montículo, piramide||stone mound, | |||
pyramid/temple | |||
|[[te]]-[[teri]]||rdpl+rock | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ardilla||squirrel | |'''''techalo:''''' | ||
|ardilla||squirrel||[[tetsi]]-[[(arVwV?)]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|polvo||dust | |'''''tew''''' | ||
|polvo||dust||[[tewa]]||dust, earth | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ver||see (vb.) | |'''''itta''''' | ||
|ver||see (vb.)||[[tewá]]||see (vb.tr.) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |'''''sow, plant, bury''''' | ||
|[[toka]]||sembrar, plantar, enterrar||téwa-ka||dust/earth+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|nombrar||name (vb.) | |'''''to:ka''''' | ||
|nombrar||name (vb.)||[[téwa]]-[[ka]]||name+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|nombre||name | |'''''to:kayi''''' | ||
|nombre||name ||[[téwa]]-[[ka]]-[[yi]]||name+nmlzr+inal | |||
|- | |- | ||
|amanecer, volverse visible||dawn, become visible | |'''''itwi''''' | ||
|amanecer, volverse visible||dawn, become visible||[[tewí]]||see (vb.unacc) | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tirar, lanzar||throw | |'''''tla:sa''''' | ||
|tirar, lanzar||throw||[[tɨasa]]||throw | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tierra||earth, ground, soil | |'''''tla:l''''' | ||
|tierra||earth, ground, soil||[[tɨha]]-[[ri]]||earth+abs | |||
|- | |- | ||
|poner||put, place sth. | |'''''tla:lia''''' | ||
|poner||put, place sth.||[[tɨhari]]-[[a]]||earth+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|deidad | |'''''tlalok''''' | ||
|deidad || deity ||[[tɨhari]]-[[wa]]-[[kai]]||earth+pos+ag | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tú||you (sg,) | |'''''teha/tehwa/taha''''' | ||
|tú||you (sg,)||[[tɨ]]-[[hewa]]||2sg. Pron | |||
|- | |- | ||
|mercado, tianguis||market | |'''''tiyankis''''' | ||
|mercado, tianguis||market||[[tɨiya]]-[[nV]]-[[kí]]-[[sa]]||sell+?+house+instr? | |||
|- | |- | ||
|media noche||midnight | |'''''tikatla''''' | ||
|media noche||midnight||[[tɨka]]-[[ta]]||night+loc | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cargar (cosas pequeñas)||carry (small things) | |'''''itki''''' | ||
|cargar (cosas pequeñas)||carry (small things)||[[tɨkí]]||carry (small things) | |||
|- | |- | ||
|buscar||search | |'''''temoa''''' | ||
|buscar||search||[[tɨmá]]-[[wa]]||see+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tizne||soot | |'''''tlil-''''' | ||
|tizne||soot||[[tɨ́ri]]||soot | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |'''''tila:na/tela:na''''' | ||
|jalar||pull||[[tɨ́ra]]-[[hana]]||child?/foot?+grab | |||
|- | |- | ||
|patear||kick | |'''''teliksa''''' | ||
|patear||kick||[[tɨri]]-[[kesa]]-[[]]||foot?-step.on | |||
|- | |- | ||
|muchacho, joven||young man | |'''''te:lpoka/te:lpoch''''' | ||
|muchacho, joven||young man||[[tɨri]]-[[po]]-[[ka/tsi]]||boy+peer+nmlzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|capa||cloak | |'''''tilmah''''' | ||
|capa||cloak||[[tɨroma]]||cloak | |||
|- | |- | ||
|gis||chalk | |'''''ti:sa''''' | ||
|gis||chalk||[[tɨ́sa]]||chalk | |||
|- | |- | ||
|moler (en metate)||grind (on grind stone) | |'''''tesi/tisi''''' | ||
|moler (en metate)||grind (on grind stone)||[[tɨsi]]||grind | |||
|- | |- | ||
|sol, deidad||sun, deity | |'''''teo:''''' | ||
|sol, deidad||sun, deity||[[tɨ]]-[[yaw]]||1p.pl.poss+father | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hambre||hunger | |'''''teosiwi''''' | ||
|hambre||hunger||[[tɨyaw]]-[[siwi]]||deity+sickness | |||
|- | |- | ||
|derramar, verter||spill, overflow | |'''''to:ya:wa''''' | ||
|derramar, verter||spill, overflow||[[to:ya]]-[[wa]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|engordecerse||become fat | |'''''toma:wa''''' | ||
|engordecerse||become fat||[[toma:]]-[[wa]]||belly+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tule||cattail reed | |'''''to:lin''''' | ||
|tule||cattail reed||[[tori]]-[[me]]||cattail+pl | |||
|- | |- | ||
|sal||salt | |'''''ista-''''' | ||
|sal||salt||[[tosa]]||white | |||
|- | |- | ||
|blanca||white | |'''''istak''''' | ||
|blanca||white||[[tosa]]-[[ko]]||white+adj | |||
|- | |- | ||
|voz, garganta||voice, throat | |'''''to:ska''''' | ||
|voz, garganta||voice, throat||[[toso]]-[[ka]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pájaro||bird | |'''''to:to:''''' | ||
|pájaro||bird||[[toto]]||beautiful? | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hilar||spin | |'''''tsa:wa''''' | ||
|hilar||spin||[[tsa:wa]]||spin | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tilapia, mojarra||tilapia | |'''''tsapa''''' | ||
|tilapia, mojarra||tilapia||[[tsapá]]||fish | |||
|- | |- | ||
|||split | |'''''tsa:yana''''' | ||
| ||split||[[tsaya]]-[[na]]||split+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|mirar, observar||watch (vb.) | |'''''chi:ya''''' | ||
|mirar, observar||watch (vb.)||[[tseí]]-[[ya]]||watch+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cerrar||close | |'''''tsakwa''''' | ||
|cerrar||close||[[tsekwa]]||close, make stick | |||
|- | |- | ||
|filo de obsidiana||obsidian knife | |'''''its-''''' | ||
|filo de obsidiana||obsidian knife||[[tsɨ]]||point | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hacer||do, make | |'''''chi:wa''''' | ||
|hacer||do, make||[[tsí:wa]]||do | |||
|- | |- | ||
|chichicaztle||stinging nettle | |'''''chichikas''''' | ||
|chichicaztle||stinging nettle||[[tsi=tsika]]-[[sa]]||rdpl+ant+? | |||
|- | |- | ||
|turquesa||turquoise | |'''''chalchihui''''' | ||
|turquesa||turquoise||[[tsiari]]-[[siwi]]||sand+plant | |||
|- | |- | ||
|algodón||cotton | |'''''ichka''''' | ||
|algodón||cotton||[[tsiká]]||cotton? Down | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hormiga||ant | |'''''tsika''''' | ||
|hormiga||ant||[[tsɨ́ka]]||ant | |||
|- | |- | ||
|fortalecer||become strong | |'''''chika:wa''''' | ||
|fortalecer||become strong||[[tsika]]-[[wa]]||?? | |||
|- | |- | ||
|peine||comb | |'''''tsekawas-''''' | ||
|peine||comb||[[tsɨka]]-[[wasa]]||comb+instr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|perro||dog | |'''''itskwin''''' | ||
|perro||dog||[[tsɨkɨí]]-[[me]]||dog+pl | |||
|- | |- | ||
|gancho, garrote||hook, elbow | |'''''chikol''''' | ||
|gancho, garrote||hook, elbow||[[tsiko]]-[[ri]]||crooked+abs | |||
|- | |- | ||
|seis||six | |'''''chikwase:n''''' | ||
|seis||six||[[tsiko]]-[[se]]||crooked+one | |||
|- | |- | ||
|brincar, correr||jump, run | |'''''tsekwini/tsikwini''''' | ||
|brincar, correr||jump, run||[[tsɨkwinai]]||jump | |||
|- | |- | ||
|escudo||shield | |'''''chimal''''' | ||
|escudo||shield||[[tsi]]-[[ma]]-[[ri]]||point+hand+abs | |||
|- | |- | ||
|limpiar||clean | |'''''tsopa''''' | ||
|limpiar||clean||[[tsipá]]||clean | |||
|- | |- | ||
|limpio||clean | |'''''chipa:wa''''' | ||
|limpio||clean||[[tsipá]]-[[wa]]||clean+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|limpio||clean | |'''''chipa:wak''''' | ||
|limpio||clean||[[tsipá]]-[[wa]]-[[ko]]||clean+vblzr+adj | |||
|- | |- | ||
|muchacha, joven||young woman | |'''''ichpoka/ichpoch''''' | ||
|muchacha, joven||young woman||[[tsi]]-[[pó]]-[[ka/tsi]]||point?+peer+nmlzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|chile||chili | |'''''chi:l''''' | ||
|chile||chili||[[tsi]]-[[ri]]||singe+abs | |||
|- | |- | ||
|mamar||suckle | |'''''chichin:a''''' | ||
|mamar||suckle||[[tsitsi]]-[[na]]||suckl+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|amargo||bitter | |'''''chichi:k''''' | ||
|amargo||bitter||[[tsi]]-[[tsípɨ]]-[[ko]]||rdpl+bitter+adj | |||
|- | |- | ||
|seno, pecho de mujer||breast | |'''''chichi:wa:l''''' | ||
|seno, pecho de mujer||breast||[[tsitsi]]-[[wari]]||suckle+basket | |||
|- | |- | ||
|llorar||cry | |'''''cho:ka''''' | ||
|llorar||cry||[[tsiwaka]]||cry | |||
|- | |- | ||
|zopilote||vulture | |'''''tsohpilo:''''' | ||
|zopilote||vulture||[[tsiwi]]-[[pɨ]]-[[rawɨ]]||male turkey+predator | |||
|- | |- | ||
|huir||flee | |'''''choloa''''' | ||
|huir||flee||[[tsiwi]]-[[riwa?]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|chía||chia | |'''''chiye''''' | ||
|chía||chia||[[tsiya]]-[[hai]]||grease+bean | |||
|- | |- | ||
|chapulín||grasshopper | |'''''chapolin''''' | ||
|chapulín||grasshopper||[[tsiya]]-[[pori]]-[[me]]||grease+flying.insect-pl | |||
|- | |- | ||
|grasa||grease, fat | |'''''chiyawa''''' | ||
|grasa||grease, fat||[[tsiyawa]]||grease | |||
|- | |- | ||
|coser||sew | |'''''tsohtsoma''''' | ||
|coser||sew||[[tsoma]]||sew | |||
|- | |- | ||
|moco||mucus, snot | |'''''tsompil''''' | ||
|moco||mucus, snot||[[tsoma]]-[[pɨri]]||mucus+attachment | |||
|- | |- | ||
|vello||body hair, | |'''''tsomi''''' | ||
|vello||body hair, ||[[tsomi]]||body hair | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cabeza, cráneo||head, skull | |'''''tsontekoma''''' | ||
|cabeza, cráneo||head, skull||[[tsomi]]-[[tekoma]]||hair+vessel | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pegar||hit, slap | |'''''tsotsona''''' | ||
|pegar||hit, slap||[[tsona]]||hit | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cabello||hair | |'''''tsonkal''''' | ||
|cabello||hair||[[tsoni]]-[[kari]]||hair+house | |||
|- | |- | ||
|terminar, cerrar un lienzo||finish a woven cloth | |'''''tsopi''''' | ||
|terminar, cerrar un lienzo||finish a woven cloth||[[tsopa]]||finish | |||
|- | |- | ||
|clavar, picar, insertar||insert, pierce | |'''''tsoponi/tsopona''''' | ||
|clavar, picar, insertar||insert, pierce||[[tsopo]]-[[ni]]||sit | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pala (para tejer)||batten | |'''''tsotsopas''''' | ||
|pala (para tejer)||batten||[[tsotso]]-[[pari]]||cloth+tool | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ropa, tela, textil||cloth, textile, clothes | |'''''tsohtsol''''' | ||
|ropa, tela, textil||cloth, textile, clothes||[[tsotso]]-[[ri]]||cloth+pass/abs | |||
|- | |- | ||
|murciélago||bat | |'''''tsinaka/tsonaka''''' | ||
|murciélago||bat||[[tsú]]-[[naká]]||dog+ear | |||
|- | |- | ||
|monstruo esqueletal||skeletal monster | |'''''tsitsimi''''' | ||
|monstruo esqueletal||skeletal monster||[[tsu]]-[[tsumi]]||rdpl-bone | |||
|- | |- | ||
|chaparro, enano||short person, dwarf | |'''''tsa:pa''''' | ||
|chaparro, enano||short person, dwarf||[[tsaapa]]||short person | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hombre, persona||man, human, person | |'''''tla:ka''''' | ||
|hombre, persona||man, human, person||[[taaka]]||human | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tarde, atardecer||late, afternoon | |'''''tlahka''''' | ||
|tarde, atardecer||late, afternoon||[[taakai]]||late | |||
|- | |- | ||
|secarse||dry, become | |'''''waki''''' | ||
|secarse||dry, become||[[wa]]-[[ki]]||dry (intr.) | |||
|- | |- | ||
|sauce||willow | |'''''wexo:''''' | ||
|sauce||willow||[[wasiwe]]||willow | |||
|- | |- | ||
|secar||dry (vb.tr) | |'''''watsa''''' | ||
|secar||dry (vb.tr)||[[wa]]-[[tsa]]||dry (tr.) | |||
|- | |- | ||
|amaranto||pigweed | |'''''waw-''''' | ||
|amaranto||pigweed||[[wawe]]||amaranth | |||
|- | |- | ||
|golondrina||swallow | |'''''awiwitska''''' | ||
|golondrina||swallow||[[wawitska]]||swallow | |||
|- | |- | ||
|espina||thorn | |'''''wets/wits''''' | ||
|espina||thorn||[[wetsa]]||thorn | |||
|- | |- | ||
|caer||fall | |'''''wetsi''''' | ||
|caer||fall||[[wetsi]]||fall | |||
|- | |- | ||
|guajolote||male turkey | |'''''wecho''''' | ||
|guajolote||male turkey||[[we]]-[[tsiwi]]||big+male turkey | |||
|- | |- | ||
|guajolote||male turkey | |'''''wexolo''''' | ||
|guajolote||male turkey||[[we]]-[[tsiwi]]-[[rawɨ]]||big+male turkey | |||
+predator | |||
|- | |- | ||
|viejo||old | |'''''we:we''''' | ||
|viejo||old ||[[we]]-[[we]]||rdpl+old | |||
|- | |- | ||
|viejito||old man | |'''''we:weh''''' | ||
|viejito||old man||[[we]]-[[wet]]||rdpl+old | |||
|- | |- | ||
|grande||big | |'''''we:yi''''' | ||
|grande||big||[[weyi]]||big | |||
|- | |- | ||
|llevar||bring | |'''''wi:ka''''' | ||
|llevar||bring||[[wi:]]-[[ka]]||move+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|llegar, venir||arrive,come | |'''''wi:ts''''' | ||
|llegar, venir||arrive,come||[[wi:]]-[[tsa]]||move+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|coa||digging stick | |'''''wik''''' | ||
|coa||digging stick||[[wika]]||digging stick | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hacia||towards|| | |'''''wi:k''''' | ||
|hacia||towards||-[[wi]]-[[ko]]||all+loc | |||
|- | |- | ||
|huilota, paloma||pigeon, dove | |'''''wilo:''''' | ||
|huilota, paloma||pigeon, dove||[[wiro]]||pigeon | |||
|- | |- | ||
|blusa||blouse | |'''''wipil''''' | ||
|blusa||blouse||[[wipíri]]||net+abs | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |'''''wila:na/wela:na''''' | ||
|jalar||pull||[[wɨra]]-[[hana]]||?-grab | |||
|- | |- | ||
|consuegro||co-parent in-law | |'''''wexi''''' | ||
|consuegro||co-parent in-law||[[wɨsi]]||affinal kin | |||
|- | |- | ||
|golpear||beat, hit | |'''''witeki''''' | ||
|golpear||beat, hit||[[wite]]-[[ki]]||hit+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|espina||thorn | |'''''wits/wets''''' | ||
|espina||thorn||[[wɨtsa]]||thorn | |||
|- | |- | ||
|colibrí, ||hummingbird | |'''''witsili''''' | ||
|colibrí, ||hummingbird||[[wi]]-[[tsɨrɨ]]||bird+bird | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pericón||marigold | |'''''yaw''''' | ||
|pericón||marigold||[[yawi]]||precipitation | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ir||go | |'''''yawi''''' | ||
|ir||go||[[ya]]-[[wi]]||be/sit+move | |||
|- | |- | ||
|enemígo, guerrero||enemy, warrior | |'''''yao:-''''' | ||
|enemígo, guerrero||enemy, warrior||[[yawɨ]]-[[wa]]||predator+al.poss | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ser||to be | |'''''ye''''' | ||
|ser||to be||[[ye]]||be | |||
|- | |- | ||
|madre||mother | |'''''ye''''' | ||
|madre||mother||[[ye]]||mother | |||
|- | |- | ||
|naríz||nose | |'''''yeka(tsol)''''' | ||
|naríz||nose||[[yeka]]-[[tsori]]||nose+snout | |||
|- | |- | ||
|intentar, practicar, probar||try, practice, taste | |'''''yekoa''''' | ||
|intentar, practicar, probar||try, practice, taste||[[yeki]]-[[wa]]||try+vblzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|aguacate||avocado | |'''''awaka/ewaka''''' | ||
|aguacate||avocado||[[yewa]]-[[ka]]||skin+nmlzr | |||
|- | |- | ||
|maíz azul||blue corn | |'''''ya:wi''''' | ||
|maíz azul||blue corn||[[yɨawi]]||blue | |||
|- | |- | ||
|calientito, placentero, suave||leasant, soft, luke warm | |'''''yemani''''' | ||
|calientito, placentero, suave||leasant, soft, luke warm||[[yɨmani]]||luke warm | |||
|- | |- | ||
|elote||fresh corn cob | |'''''ye:lo:''''' | ||
|elote||fresh corn cob||[[yɨra]]-[[wa]]||sprout+al.poss | |||
|- | |- | ||
|noche||night | |'''''yo:wal''''' | ||
|noche||night||[[yɨwa]]-[[ri]]||become.dark+pass | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tener prisa||hurry|| | |'''''ihsiwi''''' | ||
|tener prisa||hurry||hi-sɨwi||hurry | |||
|- | |- | ||
|espina, ahuate||prickly hair/thorn|| | |'''''awa''''' | ||
|espina, ahuate||prickly hair/thorn|| || | |||
|- | |- | ||
|aromatico||fragrant|| | |'''''ahwiya''''' | ||
|aromatico||fragrant||[[Hawi|hawí]]+[[hɨya]]+ko|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|volverse baboso||become slimy|| | |'''''alawa''''' | ||
|volverse baboso||become slimy|| || | |||
|- | |- | ||
|necesidad, hambre, avaricia||need, hunger, greed|| | |'''''apis''''' | ||
|necesidad, hambre, avaricia||need, hunger, greed|| || | |||
|- | |- | ||
|encino||oak|| | |'''''awa''''' | ||
|encino||oak|| || | |||
|- | |- | ||
|sentir placer, jugar||feel pleasure, play | |'''''awia''''' | ||
|sentir placer, jugar||feel pleasure, play||[[Hawi|háwi]]-ya|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|juguete||toy | |'''''awil''''' | ||
|juguete||toy||[[Hawi|háwi]]-ri|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|posesión, pertenencia||belonging, property|| | |'''''axka:i''''' | ||
|posesión, pertenencia||belonging, property|| || | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ahora||now|| | |'''''axka:n''''' | ||
|ahora||now||ya-kana|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hacer||do|| | |'''''ayi''''' | ||
|hacer||do|| || | |||
|- | |- | ||
|casa, hogar||home|| | |'''''cha:n''''' | ||
|casa, hogar||home|| || | |||
|- | |- | ||
|saliva||spittle|| | |'''''chicha''''' | ||
|saliva||spittle|| || | |||
|- | |- | ||
|chiquihuite, cesto||basket | |'''''chikiwi''''' | ||
|chiquihuite, cesto||basket||[[tsikiwi]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|viejita||old woman|| | |'''''ilama''''' | ||
|viejita||old woman||loan? hɨrama?|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|criar||raise, give sustenance | |'''''iskali''''' | ||
|criar||raise, give sustenance||[[Sɨka|sɨká]]-ri|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|retoñar||sprout anew | |'''''itsmolini''''' | ||
|retoñar||sprout anew||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|mandar||send | |'''''iwa''''' | ||
|mandar||send||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|inebriarse, intoxicarse||become inebriated | |'''''iwinti''''' | ||
|inebriarse, intoxicarse||become inebriated||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|llenarse||become full/satisfied | |'''''ixwia''''' | ||
|llenarse||become full/satisfied||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|engañar||cheat | |'''''kahkayawa''''' | ||
|engañar||cheat||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cuervo||crow | |'''''kakalo''''' | ||
|cuervo||crow||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cacao||cacao/cocoa | |'''''kakawatl''''' | ||
|cacao||cacao/cocoa||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|escuchar, oír||hear | |'''''kaki''''' | ||
|escuchar, oír||hear||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ensuciar||become dirty | |'''''katsawa''''' | ||
|ensuciar||become dirty||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|bolsa, costal||sack | |'''''kimil''''' | ||
|bolsa, costal||sack||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|incienso de copal||incense | |'''''kopal''''' | ||
|incienso de copal||incense||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|corona, diadema||crown, headdress | |'''''kopil''''' | ||
|corona, diadema||crown, headdress||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |'''''koto:na/koto:ni''''' | ||
|cortar||cut off||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tobillo||lower leg, ankle | |'''''kots''''' | ||
|tobillo||lower leg, ankle||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|enojarse||be angry | |'''''kwa:lani''''' | ||
|enojarse||be angry||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|volver, regresar, voltear||return, turn around | |'''''kwepa''''' | ||
|volver, regresar, voltear||return, turn around||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cargar||carry | |'''''mama/meme''''' | ||
|cargar||carry||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|merecer||deserve | |'''''masewa/masewi''''' | ||
|merecer||deserve||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|miedo, respeto||fear, respect | |'''''mawi''''' | ||
|miedo, respeto||fear, respect||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hambre||hunger | |'''''maya:na''''' | ||
|hambre||hunger||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|esparcir||scatter | |'''''mayawa/mayawi''''' | ||
|esparcir||scatter||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|fluir||flow | |'''''me:ya''''' | ||
|fluir||flow||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|enderezar, ser verdad||straighten, be true | |'''''mela:wa''''' | ||
|enderezar, ser verdad||straighten, be true||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pantorilla||calf | |'''''mets''''' | ||
|pantorilla||calf||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|mucho(s)||many, much | |'''''miyak/miek''''' | ||
|mucho(s)||many, much||[[mɨiya]]+ko|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|vanamente, en balde||vainly | |'''''ne:n''''' | ||
|vanamente, en balde||vainly||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|nectar, miel, aguamiel, ||nectar, honey, sweet sap | |'''''nekw''''' | ||
|nectar, miel, aguamiel, ||nectar, honey, sweet sap||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|mudo, tartamudo||mute, stutter | |'''''nempo''''' | ||
|mudo, tartamudo||mute, stutter||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|entonces||then | |'''''niman''''' | ||
|entonces||then||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pulque||pulque | |'''''ok''''' | ||
|pulque||pulque ||Huastec loan? || | |||
|- | |- | ||
|exudación de la piel|| | |'''''oxi''''' | ||
|exudación de la piel|| ||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|podrirse||rot | |'''''palani''''' | ||
|podrirse||rot||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|mariposa||butterfly|| | |'''''papalo:''''' | ||
|mariposa||butterfly||pa+paɨri-wa||"redpl+wing/pad-haver" | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tener pena||become ashamed | |'''''pina:wa''''' | ||
|tener pena||become ashamed||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|limpiar||clean|| | |'''''poa''''' | ||
|limpiar||clean||píwa|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|búho, lechuza||owl|| | |'''''poxakwa''''' | ||
|búho, lechuza||owl||otomian loan|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|podrir, ennegrecerse||become black/rotten|| | |'''''poxewa''''' | ||
|podrir, ennegrecerse||become black/rotten||poʃ-e:wa (poʃ an otomian loan)|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|grano de la piel||boil of the skin, grain, pox | |'''''sawa''''' | ||
|grano de la piel||boil of the skin, grain, pox||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|recibir, aceptar||receive | |'''''selia''''' | ||
|recibir, aceptar||receive||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tierno||tender | |'''''selik''''' | ||
|tierno||tender||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|enternecerse||become tender, fresh | |'''''seliya''''' | ||
|enternecerse||become tender, fresh||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|enfermedad||disease | |'''''siwis-''''' | ||
|enfermedad||disease||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|lodo||mud | |'''''soki''''' | ||
|lodo||mud||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|sapo||toad | |'''''tamasolin''''' | ||
|sapo||toad||[[tema]]-[[sori]]-[[Me|mɨ]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tanate||basket for tortillas|| | |'''''tanah''''' | ||
|tanate||basket for tortillas||loan?|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|acostar||lay | |'''''te:ka''''' | ||
|acostar||lay||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|llenar||fill | |'''''temi''''' | ||
|llenar||fill ||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|gemir||moan | |'''''tena''''' | ||
|gemir||moan||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pared, barda||wall|| | |'''''tenami''''' | ||
|pared, barda||wall||te-[[nami]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |'''''tepitsin/tepito:n''''' | ||
|pequeño||little||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|duro||hard | |'''''tepitstik''''' | ||
|duro||hard||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|tronco cortado||stub|| | |'''''tepol''''' | ||
|tronco cortado||stub||tepo-ri|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|trunco||stubby, stubbed|| | |'''''tepontik''''' | ||
|trunco||stubby, stubbed||tepo-na-ti-ko|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|espalda, lomo||back | |'''''tepots''''' | ||
|espalda, lomo||back||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|asombro||wonder | |'''''tetsawi''''' | ||
|asombro||wonder||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|curadora, partera||curer, midwife | |'''''tisi''''' | ||
|curadora, partera||curer, midwife||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|mandar||send | |'''''titlani''''' | ||
|mandar||send||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|mitad||half | |'''''tlahko''''' | ||
|mitad||half||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|terminar||finish | |'''''tlami''''' | ||
|terminar||finish||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cedro, ciprés||cypress, cedar | |'''''tlatskan''''' | ||
|cedro, ciprés||cypress, cedar||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|odio, ira||hate | |'''''tlawe:li''''' | ||
|odio, ira||hate||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|excremento, suciedad||excrement, filth | |'''''tlayel''''' | ||
|excremento, suciedad||excrement, filth||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|seguir||follow | |'''''toka''''' | ||
|seguir||follow||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|araña||spider | |'''''toka''''' | ||
|araña||spider||[[toka]]||spider | |||
|- | |- | ||
|desatar||untie | |'''''toma''''' | ||
|desatar||untie||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|nacer ampollas||get blisters, | |'''''tomoni''''' | ||
|nacer ampollas||get blisters, ||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|totomoxtle||dry maize leaves | |'''''totomoch''''' | ||
|totomoxtle||dry maize leaves||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|gritar||yell | |'''''tsahtsi''''' | ||
|gritar||yell||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|zapote||Sapotaceae /manilkara | |'''''tsapo''''' | ||
|zapote||Sapotaceae /manilkara||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pequeño, chiquito||little | |'''''tsiki''''' | ||
|pequeño, chiquito||little||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|sonar (como campana)||ring, resound | |'''''tsilini''''' | ||
|sonar (como campana)||ring, resound||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|base, fondo, diminutivo, honorifico | |'''''tsin''''' | ||
|base, fondo, | |||
diminutivo, honorifico | |||
|base, butt, | |||
honorific, diminutive | |||
|[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|chipil||weaning child, | |'''''tsipi''''' | ||
|chipil||weaning child, ||[[]]||Huastec loan, | |||
or from PSUA *tsupi | |||
|- | |- | ||
|mezquino||wart, | |'''''tsoka''''' | ||
|mezquino||wart, ||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|dulce||sweet | |'''''tsopelik''''' | ||
|dulce||sweet||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|freir||fry | |'''''tsoyoni''''' | ||
|freir||fry||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|poder||able | |'''''weli''''' | ||
|poder||able||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|hermana||sister | |'''''weltiw''''' | ||
|hermana||sister||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pintarse la cara||paint one's face | |'''''xa:wa''''' | ||
|pintarse la cara||paint one's face||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|cara||face | |'''''xa:yak''''' | ||
|cara||face||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|romperse, estallar, collapsar||collapse, | |'''''xitini''''' | ||
|romperse, estallar, collapsar||collapse, ||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|orines||urine | |'''''xixa''''' | ||
|orines||urine||[[sisa]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|pato||duck | |'''''xomo''''' | ||
|pato||duck||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|rodear||surround, encircle | |'''''yawaloa/yewaloa''''' | ||
|rodear||surround, encircle||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|alzarse, desconectarse, sentarse, levantarse, irse | |'''''ye:wa/e:wa''''' | ||
|alzarse, desconectarse, | |||
sentarse, levantarse, irse | |||
|ascend, lift, peel, | |||
let go, get up, leave | |||
|[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|bastón||staff | |'''''topil''''' | ||
|bastón||staff||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|desprender, quitar, sacar||disconnect, remove, take out | |'''''kopini/kopina''''' | ||
|desprender, quitar, sacar||disconnect, remove, take out||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|caja||box, chest | |'''''top''''' | ||
|caja||box, chest||[[]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|revivir, animar, sustentar||revive, nurture, come to life | |'''''iskalia''''' | ||
|revivir, animar, sustentar||revive, nurture, come to life||[[sɨkária]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|padecer,||ail, be ill|| | | '''''-siwi''''' | ||
|padecer,||ail, be ill||-[[sɨ̒wi]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|buho||owl | |'''''mo-moh''''' | ||
|buho||owl||[[mɨhɨ]] /muhu|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|temer, tener miedo||fear, be afraid | |'''''ma:wi''''' | ||
|temer, tener miedo||fear, be afraid||[[maha]]-[[wi]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|rojo||red | |'''''chi-chiltik''''' | ||
|rojo||red||[[tsíra]]-[[tí]]-[[ko]]|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Latest revision as of 05:53, 11 November 2025
| Proto-Nahuatl | Spanish Meaning | English Meaning | pre-Nahua | pre-Nahua gloss | Cognates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| xo- | de los pies | foot | kasí-wa | foot+al.pos | |
| ama | papel amate | ficus paper | hama(?)
(otomian loan *heima) |
paper, ficus | |
| ami | cazar | hunt | ami | hunt | |
| atla- | atlatl | spearthrower | ata- | spearthrower | |
| atemi | piojo | louse | até-mɨ | louse+pl | |
| ate | testiculo | testicle | até-ri | testicle+abs | |
| a: | agua | water | ha | water | |
| a:l | agua | water | ha-ri | water+abs | |
| ahas | ala | wing | ha-haro | rdpl+large.bird | |
| ye | frijoles | beans | hai | beans | |
| yexo | ejote | string bean | hai-siwi | bean+plant | |
| aka | carrizo | reed | haka | reed | |
| aki | entrar, meter | enter, insert | haki | enter | |
| aki | arroyo, rio | stream, river | ha-kí | water+house | |
| a:kin | alguién, quién | who, someone | haki-mɨ | who+pl | |
| ahko | arriba | up | hako | up | |
| ahkokwi | subir en hombros | lift on shoulder | hako-kwei | up+take | |
| akosilin | camarón, acamaya | shrimp, crayfish | ha-kosi-ri-mɨ | water-shrimp-abs-col | |
| amox | libro | book | hama-wa-(t)si | ficus/paper+al.pos+dim | |
| a:meyal- | manantial, | spring | ha-meya-ri | water+flow+pass | |
| a:miki | sed | thirst | ha-mɨki | water+die | |
| a:na | agarrar | grab | hana | grab | |
| a:pitsa | rociar, tener diarrhea | spray, have diarrhea | ha-pítsa | water+blow | |
| a:ltia | bañar | bathe | hári-tɨa | water+caus | |
| alo: | guacamayo, papagayo | parrot, macaw | haro | macaw, large bird | |
| asta- | garza | heron | háro-ta | heron+? | |
| ahsi | alcanzar, llegar | reach, catch (vb.) | hasí | reach | |
| axolo: | salamandra, ajolote | salamander, tadpole | ha-sihori-wV | water+salamander+? | |
| atlapal | ala | wing | hatá-páɨri | broad+pad/instrument | |
| atekox | jaguey, deposito de agua | reservoir | ha-teko-ri | water- | |
| a:to:ya | río | river | ha-toya | water+flow | |
| ach | semilla, hermano mayor | seed, elder brother | hátsi | seed | |
| aska | hormiga asquel | small ant | ari-tsɨka | small+ant | |
| achkaw | hermano mayor, líder | elder brother, leader | hátsi-ká-wa | older.brother+agent+al.pos | |
| achto | primero | first | hátsi-to | first+? | |
| ahwa | regañar | scold | hawa | say | |
| awech | rocío | dew | ha-wétsi | water+fall | |
| a:wewe | ahuehuete | Montezuma cypress | ha-wewe | water+old | |
| awi | tia | aunt | hawi | aunt | |
| a:yo: | jugo | juice, | ha-yáwa | water+abstr | |
| a:yawi | neblina | mist | ha-yawi | water+precipitation | |
| a:yoh | calabaza | squash | hayáwi | squash | |
| ayakach | sonaja | rattle | hayáwi-káitsi | squash+rattle | |
| a:yo: | tortuga | turtle | hayéwi | turtle | |
| ayo:-to:ch | armadillo | armadillo | hayéwi-taótsi | turtle+rabbit | |
| ye:yi | tres | three | hayi | three | |
| yehwa/yeha | él/ella pronombre 3.sg. | it/she/he | hehawa/heha | that one | |
| yek | derecho, recto | straight | héika | straight | |
| yexka:n | derecho (lado) | right side | héisi-kana | straight+place | |
| yehyeka | viento | wind | héka | wind | |
| ehkawi | sombra | shade | heká-wi | cool+vblzr | |
| yankwi:k/yenkwi:k | nuevo | new | henkwaí-ko | new+adj | |
| yes/es | sangre | blood | era | blood | |
| yel- /il- | hígado, pensamiento | liver, thought | héri/hɨri | seat of thought | |
| yetik | pesado | heavy | héti-ko | heavy+adj | |
| etsal | maíz hervida | boiled maize | hetsa-ri | sow+abs | |
| yehame/yehwan/yahan | ellos/ellas | they | hɨ-ha-me | 3+dem.pl | |
| yeha/yehwa/yaha | pronombre 3.sg. | he/she/it | hɨ-hewa | 3+dem | |
| ihiyex | pedo, excremento | fart, excrement | hi-hɨya-yi | something+stink+? | |
| i: | beber, tomar líquido | drink | hi | drink | |
| ihkwiloa | pintar/escribir/rayar | paint/write/stripe | hi-kwiri-wa | something-line-vblzr | |
| ihkwiloa | escribir, dibujar | write, draw (vb.) | hi-kwírí-wa | something+line+vblzr | |
| ihnekwi | olfatear, oler | smell (perceive), olfaction | hɨ-nekwi | stink+smell(perceive) | |
| yepa/epa | zorrillo | skunk | hɨpá | skunk | |
| petla | petate | mat | hi-péta | something+mat | |
| ihsa | despertar | wake up | hɨsá | wake.up | |
| i:x | ojo, cara | eye, face | hɨsi | eye/face | |
| ixiptlah | imagen, representación | impersonator | hɨsi-pe-ta | eye/face+priv+? | |
| i:xtelol | ojo | eye, eyeball | hɨsi-telo-ri | eye/face+ball+abs | |
| tlachkwa | escarbar | dig | hitá-hátsi-koha | something+dig+dig | |
| tlahpaloa | saludar | greet | hita-hi-páɨré-wa | sth+sth+instr+vblzr | |
| tla-oa | desgranar maiz | degrain maize | hita-hora | something+degrain | |
| tlao:l | grano de maíz | maize grain | hita-hora-ri | something+degrain+pass | |
| tlaken | ropa, prenda | clothing | hita-kémi | something+cloth | |
| ihtlakoa | dañar | damage | hita-kó-wa | something.acc+hurt+vblzr | |
| tlamatki | sabío | wise person | hita-máti-kaí | something+know+ag | |
| tlamachtia | estudiar | study | hita-matsi-tɨa | something+know+caus | |
| tlanewi | dar prestado | lend | hita-neɨwia | something+lend | |
| itlani | pedir | ask, petition for | hi-tani | something+ask.for | |
| tlapal | rojo pigmento | red paint, cinnabar | hita-pá-ri | something+colour+pass | |
| tlapech | cama, tapeste | bed, | hita-pétsi | something+flat? | |
| tlapoa | abrir | open | hita-póa | something+open | |
| tlapo:china | escarmenar | card, untangle, make fluffy | hita-pótsíi-na | sth-fluffy+vblzr | |
| tlasohtla | amar, desear, querer | love, desire | hita-saóhta | something+desire | |
| tlasolli | basura, suciedad | dirt, waste, trash | hita-saóri | something+waste | |
| tlaxkal | tortilla | tortilla | hita-siká-ri | something+roast+pass | |
| tlatwi | amanecer, volverse visible | dawn, become visible | hitá-tewí | something+be.seen | |
| tlatki | posesión | possession | hitá-tɨkí | something+carry | |
| tlachpana | barrer | sweep | hita-tsipá-na | something+clean+vblzr | |
| ihtona | sudor | sweat | hi-táwina | something+heat | |
| ihtoa | hablar | speak (vb.) | hi-téwa | something+say.tr | |
| ihtotia | bailar | dance | hi-tɨ́wi-tɨa | something+dance+caus | |
| ihwi | pluma | feather, down | hiwí | feather | |
| ihyaka | apestar, heder | stink, smell badly | hɨ-yaka | stink+smell(emit) | |
| ihiyo: | aliento | breath | hi-yaóri | breath+heart | |
| oh | camino | path, road | ho | path | |
| o:me | dos | two | ho:-me | two+pl | |
| oko | pino | pine | hoko | pine | |
| okwilin | gusano | worm | ho-kwiri | path+line? | |
| ihpiya | espiar, guardar | spy, stalk, guard | ho-pɨ́ya/hi-pɨ́ya | path+guard/sth+guard | |
| opoch | deidad de caza, lado izquierdo | hunting deity, leftside | ho-pótsi | path+youth | |
| o:l | moverse, ule | move, rubber | horo | ||
| olini | moverse | move | horo-ni | move+vblzr | |
| ihte/ihti | estómago, panza, adentro | stomach, belly, inside | hotɨ́ | stomach | |
| ihtek | dentro de | inside | hotɨ́-ko | stomack+loc | |
| ots | embarazada | pregnant | hótsa | full, inflated | |
| ohwi | difícil | difficult | ho-wi | path+pos | |
| ilaka | doblar | fold | ila-ka | turn+vblzr | |
| i:lo:ti | torcer, dar vuelta | twist, turn | ila-wa-ti | turn+vblzr+vblzr | |
| nelwa | raíz | root | inieri-wa | root+al.pos | |
| ele:wia/ile:wia | querer, desear | want, desire, wish | ɨri-e-wia | desire+poss+provide | |
| elka:wa/ilka:wa | olvidar | forget | ɨri-ka-wa | desire+leave | |
| elimiki | trabajar | work | ɨri-miki | desire+die | |
| elnamiki/ilnamiki | recordar | remember | ɨri-namiki | desire+meet | |
| elpotsa | eructar | burp | ɨri-póotsa | liver+inflate | |
| elteki | servirse | serve food | ɨri-teki | liver+cut | |
| eliwis | sin consideración | inconsiderately, wantonly | ɨrɨ-wi-sV | desire+appl-fut? | |
| istla:ka | secreto | secret | ɨtsa-ka | secret+nmlzr | |
| ichtaka- | secretamente | in secret | ɨtsi-taka | secret+manipulate | |
| ichteki | robar | steal | ɨtsi-taki | secret+manipulate | |
| yo:l | vida | life | iyaóri | life | |
| yo:lka | animal | animal | iyaóri-ka | life+ag | |
| yo:llo:/yo:lloh | corazón | heart | iyaóri-yáwa | life+abstr | |
| kak | sandalía, huarache | sandal, footwear | kákai | sandal | |
| kamak | boca, mejilla | mouth, cheek | kama-ka | cheek+nmlzr | |
| kamoh | camote | sweet potato | kamáwi | sweet.potato | |
| ahmo | no | no, not | ka-mó | neg+dub | |
| koyo: | coyote | coyote | kaó-yáwɨ | canine+predator/warrior | |
| kapolin | cereza | cherry | kapóri | ball+abs | |
| kal | casa | house | kári | house | |
| kalaki | entrar adentro, | enter inside, | kári-hakí | house+enter | |
| kallo | cascarón, | shell, bark | kári-yáwa | house+abstract | |
| ikxi | pie | foot, lower leg | kasí | foot | |
| ke:s | pierna | thigh | kási | leg | |
| ahtle | nada, ninguna cosa | nothing | ka-tai | neg+something | |
| kah/kat | estar | be (in a place) | kátɨ | be | |
| ka:wa | dejar | leave | ka-wa | be+vblzr.tr | |
| ka:wi | duración, tiempo | time, duration | ka-wi | be+vblzr | |
| ka:wia | dejar | leave sth | ka-wi-a | be+appl+vblzr | |
| kosah | mangosta | huron | káwi-sah | canine+? | |
| ketsoma | morder | bite | ke-tsoma | bite-? | |
| ketsol | talón del pie | heel | ke-tsóri | stand+snout | |
| kwawi | árbol | tree | kɨhawi | tree, stick | |
| ihkak | parado (estar) | stand | kɨka-ko | stand+adj | |
| kimichin | ratón | mouse | ki-mɨtsi-me | house+moustache+pl | |
| sepa-yawi | nieve | snow | kɨpá-yawi | cold+precipitation | |
| ikpi | luciernaga | firefly | kɨpí | firefly | |
| kopi | luciernaga | firefly | kɨpí | firefly | |
| kili/keli | quelites | edible greens | kɨri | greens | |
| ki:sa | salir | exit, depart | kí-sa | house+vblzr | |
| ketsa | levantar | stand up | ke-tsa | stand+vblzr(intr) | |
| ketsal | Quetzal/pluma larga y verde | Quetzal bird
/ long green feather |
ketsa-ri | stand+pass | |
| ke:ch | cuello, forma de palo | neck, stick-shape | kɨ́tsi | stick | |
| kechkemi | quechquemitl | poncho | kɨtsi-kemi | neck+cloth | |
| kiyawi | llúvia | rain | kɨ-yawi | rain+precipitation | |
| ko:wa | comprar | buy | ko:wa | buy/win | |
| ko:wa | víbora, serpiente | snake | ko:-wa | snake+? | |
| koko:k | picante | spicy | ko=ko-ko | rdpl=hurt+adj | |
| kwa | cabeza, frente | head, forehead | kóha | forehead | |
| kokoa | enfermarse, tener dolor | hurt, be sick | koko-wa | hurt+vblzr | |
| komal | comal | clay griddle | koma-ri | vessel+abs | |
| komi-/kon | olla | pot | ko-mi | pot+pl | |
| komo:l | ravín, depresion del terreno | depression, hollow, gully | komi-wa-ri | pot+vblzr+pass | |
| kone: | hijo, niño | child | kone: | kin | |
| ikne:lia | hacer bien, tener cariño | favor, | koné-ɨria | kin+think | |
| ikno: | huérfano | orphan | koné-wa | kinsman+al.pos | |
| ikni:w | hermano/hermana | sibling | koní-wa | kinsman+al.pos | |
| ikpa | hilo | thread | kopá | top/hair | |
| -ikpak | cima, arriba | top, above | kopá-ko | top/hair+loc | |
| ikpal | asiento | seat | kopá-ri | top+abs | |
| koltik | corvado | curved, hook-shaped | kóri-tɨ-ko | curve+abs+adj | |
| kolo: | alacrán | scorpion | koroi | arachnid/scolopendra | |
| ko:ska | collar | necklace | kósa-ka | yellow+nmlzr | |
| kosamalo: | arco iris | rainbow | kosa-ma-rawi | nacreous+?+precipitation | |
| kostik | amarillo | yellow | kósa-ti-ko | yellow+rel+adj | |
| kochi | dormir | sleep | kotsi | sleep | |
| koyame | javelina | peccary | koya-me | peccary+pl | |
| koyo:ni | agujerar | bore, make hole | koyo-ni | hole+vblzr | |
| koyol | coyol, cascabel | bell | koyo-ri | shell+abs | |
| koyok | agujero | hole | koyo-wa | hole+vblzr | |
| kwa: | comer | eat | kwaha | eat | |
| kwaw- | águila | eagle | kwahɨ | eagle | |
| kwal- | bueno | good | kɨwá-ri | good+abs | |
| ikwsi | madurarse, cocerse | ripen, become cooked | kwasí | ripen, cook | |
| kwach | capa, tela | cloak, cloth | kwátsi | cloth | |
| kweyi | falda, enagua | skirt, underskirt | kwáyi | skirt | |
| kwi: | agarrar, quitar | take, remove | kweí | take | |
| kwechoa | moler (polvo) | grind (to powder) | kweí-tsiwa | dust+make | |
| kwetspalin | lagartija, iguana | lizard, iguana | kwetsa-pári-me | lizard+flat+pl | |
| kweya | rana | frog | kweya | frog | |
| kwi:ka | cantar | sing | kwika | sing | |
| kwikwil | rayas, obsidiana o jaspe rayada | stripes, striped obsidian | kwi-kwíri | rdpl+stripe | |
| kwixin | halcón | hawk | kwísi-me | hawk-pl | |
| kwitla | excremento | excrement | kwita | excrement | |
| kwitlapan | espalda | back | kwita-páni | excrement+on | |
| kwitlapil | cola | tail | kwita-pɨ́ri | excrement+appendage | |
| kwitlax | cuero | leather, | kwita-si | excrement+skin | |
| ma:ka | dar | give | ma:ka | give | |
| ma:taka | tocar, rascar, manosear | touch, scratch, fondle | ma:-taka | hand+manipulate | |
| ma:(i) | mano | hand | ma:-yi | hand+inal.pos | |
| mahpil | dedo | finger | mah-pɨ́ri | hand+appendage | |
| mahtlak | diez | ten | mah-tlaka | hand+body | |
| me | maguey | agave | mai | maguey | |
| meka | cuerda, mecate | rope, cord | mai-ka | maguey+nmlzr | |
| mekapal | mecapal | tumpline | mai-ka-pari | maguey+nmlzr+flat | |
| malaka | malacate | spindle whorl | ma-ila-ka | hand+turn+nmlzr | |
| malakachoa | girar | spin | ma-ila-ka-tsiwa | hand+turn+nmlzr+make | |
| me:x/mi:x | nube | cloud | maɨ́si | cloud, vapour | |
| mochi | todo | all | maɨtsi | all | |
| mayawe:l | deidad de maguey y pulque | Maguey deity | mai-yawa-ri | maguey+abstract+abs | |
| ma:kpal | palma de la mano | palm of hand | ma-ko-pári | hand+loc+flat | |
| ma:kwil | cinco | five | ma-kwei-ri | hand+take+pass | |
| mani/mana | extender, dispersar | extend, spread out | mani/mana | extend horizontally | |
| mo:stla | mañana | tomorrow | maosa-ta | tomorrow+loc | |
| mapach | mapache | raccoon | ma-pátsi | hand+? | |
| ma:l | cautivo | captive | mári | hand+abs | |
| masa: | venado | deer | masá | deer | |
| matla | red | net | matá | net | |
| mati | saber | know | mati | know | |
| mach | al parecer, conocimiento | apparently, knowledge | mátsi | know | |
| metla | metate | grindstone | meta | grindstone | |
| metlapil | mano del metate | grindstone pestle | meta-pɨ́ri | grindstone+attachment | |
| me:ts | luna | moon | metsa | moon | |
| wehka | lejos, distante | far, distant | mɨhka | far | |
| mi- | flecha | arrow | mɨi | arrow | |
| mina/mini | picar, perforar | pierce, perforate | mɨí-na/ni | arrow+vblzr | |
| miyak | mucho | many, much | mɨíya | many, much | |
| miki | morir | die | mɨ́ki | die | |
| miktla:n | inframundo de muertos | death realm | mɨ́ki-tana | dead+loc.poss | |
| mil | campo de maíz | maize plantation | mɨ́ra | maize | |
| mis- | felino | feline | mɨ́sa | feline | |
| michin | pez, pescado | fish | mɨ́tsi-me | catfish/moustache+pl | |
| miyawa | espíga de maíz | maize tassel | mɨ́ya-wa | maize.tassel+al | |
| momolotsa | hacer espuma | make foam | mo=moro-tsa | rdpl=foam+vblzr | |
| mo:n | yerno | son in-law | móne | son in-law | |
| mo:l | mole, salsa hervida | sauce | móro- | sauce | |
| moloni | burbujear al hervir | boil, bubble | móro-ni | bubble, foam+vblzr | |
| mo:tla | apedrear | stone, throw stones | mota | throw | |
| ma:ni | brotar, manar (liquido) | spring, flow (liquid) | maanei | ||
| a:ma:nte:ka | trabajador de pluma | feather worker | n/a | n/a | |
| kaxitl | plato | plate, flat bowl | Totonac loan | n/a | |
| naka | carne | meat, flesh | naka | opuntia.pad | |
| nakas | oreja | ear | nakasa | ear | |
| neki | querer, desear | want, desire, like | naki | want | |
| na:miki | encontrarse | meet | namiki | meet | |
| nankilia | responder | answer | námikí-ria? | ||
| na:n | madre | mother | nána | mother | |
| nanaka | hongo | mushroom | na-naka | rdpl=opuntia | |
| nanaltsa/nanalka | ladrar | bark | na-nara-tsa/ka | rdpl+cry+vblzr | |
| napaloa | abrazar | embrace, hug | napári-wa | embrace | |
| nal | lado opuesto | other side | nari | other side | |
| neloa | mezclar | mix | naro-wa | mix+vblzr | |
| nex | cenizas | ashes | nási | ashes | |
| ne:xtamal | nixtamal | nixtamal | nasi-tɨma-ri | ashes+steam+pass | |
| -na:wak | junto a | close to | nawa-ko | root+loc | |
| nawal | nagual | sorcerer | nawá-ri | steal+abs | |
| na:wa-tia | responder, mandar | respond, order | nawa-tia | announce+caus | |
| nawi | cuatro | four | nawi | four | |
| nohpal | nopal | nopal pad | náwo-pári | opuntia+flat | |
| no:ch- | tuna | prickly pear | náwo-tsi | opuntia+point | |
| nemaka/namaka | vender | sell | ne-maka | rcpr+give | |
| nemi | vivir, andar | live, walk around | nemi | walk | |
| nene | vágina | vulva | nene | tongue(?) | |
| nenepil | lengua (de la boca) | tongue | nene-pɨ́ri | tongue+appendage | |
| ne:l | verdadero | truth | nieri | see | |
| ne:si | aparecer | appear | nieri | see | |
| neha/nehwa/naha | yo | I | nɨ-hewa | 1Sg+dem | |
| no:ka | hablar | speak | nio-ka | speak+vblzr | |
| no:tsa | hablar a alguién | speak to someone, address | nio-tsa | speak+vblzr.tr | |
| okich | hombre adulto, varón | adult man | oki-tsi | man+nmlzr | |
| omi | hueso | bone | omɨ | bone | |
| olo: | olote | center of corn cob | ora-(ri)-wa | degrain+pas-al.poss | |
| o:l | hule | rubber | oro | ball | |
| ose:lo: | jaguar | jaguar | ouse-rawɨ | big.cat+predator | |
| owa | caña | cane | owa | cane | |
| pa:ki | alegre, estar feliz | happy, be | pa:ki | be.happy | |
| pa:ti | derritir | melt (vb.) | pa:-ti | water+vblzr | |
| pah | medicina, veneno | medicine, poison | páha | medicine | |
| pahti | curar | cure, heal | páha-ti | medicine+vblzr | |
| pal | instrumento, cosa plana | tool, flat thing | páɨre | tool/pad.shape | |
| pale:wia | ayudar | help | páɨré-wia | flat.tool+supply | |
| pesoh- | tejón/coati | coati | páisɨwi | coati | |
| pa:ka | lavar | wash | pá-ka | water+vblzr | |
| pan | en, sobre | on | -pá-na | up+loc.poss | |
| panawia | sobrepasar | surpass (vb. tr.) | pána-wia | on+supply | |
| pani | arriba | up | pá-ni | on-loc | |
| -pampa | causa | cause | -páni-pa | up+loc | |
| panoa | pasar, cruzar (vb tr.) | pass, cross (vb tr.) | páni-wa | on+vblzr | |
| pano | pasar, cruzar | pass, cross (vb intr.) | páni-wi | on+move | |
| papatlaka | aletear | flutter wings | pa-pátla-ka | rdpl+become.broad+vblzr | |
| polaki | clavarse al agua | dive in | pári-haki | water+enter | |
| paltik | mojado | wet | pá-ri-tɨa | water+abs+caus | |
| patla | hacer trueque, cambiar | swap, change | páta | swap | |
| patla:ni | volar | fly | páta-ni | broad+vblzr | |
| patla:wa | ancho, volverse | become broad | páta-wa | broad+vblzr | |
| patoa | jugar al azar | play game of chance | pátiwa | price+vblzr | |
| pati:w | precio, premio | price | páti-wa | price+al.pos | |
| pato:lli | juego de azar | game of chance | páti-wa-ri | price+al.pos+abs | |
| patsa:wa | aplastar, hacer pulpa | mash | pá-tsa-wa | on-vblzr-vblzr | |
| pach | heno | moss | pátsi | on-dim | |
| pachoa | apretar, aplastar | press, | pá-tsiwa | on.top+make | |
| pa:tska | exprimir | squeeze our liquid | pátso-ka | squeeze+vblzr | |
| peyo: | peyote | peyote | peo-yáwa | peyote+abstr | |
| petla:wa | hacer liso | make smooth, flatten | péta-wa | flat-vblzr | |
| pe:wa | empezar, quitar, hacer soltar | begin, detach, peel | pé-wa | priv+vblzr | |
| pi:tsa | soplar | blow | pí:tsa | blow, make thin | |
| pi:tsawak | angosto, delgado | thin | pí:tsa-wa-ko | thin+vblzr+adj | |
| pipiyolin | abeja | bee | pɨ=pɨ́yi-wari-me | rdpl=bee+?+pl | |
| pi:ts- | semilla, hueso de fruta | seed (of fruit) | pɨɨ́tsV | seed | |
| piya | guardar, tener | guard, keep, hold | pɨ́ra | hold/tie | |
| pil | bebé, niño | baby, child | pɨ́ri | appendage | |
| ilpia | atar, amarrar | tie, bind | pɨrí-ha | hold/tie+vblzr | |
| pilka | colgado, estar | hanging, be | pɨ́ri-ka | appendage+vblzr | |
| piloa | colgar, estar pegado a | hang, be attached | pɨ́ri-wa | appendage+vblzr | |
| pitso | jabalí | peccary | pítsa-wa | blow-al.pos | |
| pitsoa | besar | kiss | pɨ̒tse-wa | ||
| po:k | humo | smoke (n.) | pó:ka | steam+vblzr | |
| potsa | inflar | inflate | pó:-tsa | steam+vblzr | |
| popo:ka | humear | smoke (vb) | po-pó:-ka | rdpl+steam+vblzr | |
| -po:l | trunco, cortado | stub | póri | stub | |
| poloa/poliwi | destruir, perecer | destroy, dissappear, | póri-wa/wi | stub+vblzr | |
| poliwi | pori-wi | ||||
| poloa | poro-wa | ||||
| posa:wa | hincharse | swell | pósa:-wa | swell+vblzr | |
| posoni | hervir | boil | póso-ni | boil+vblzr | |
| posol | pozole | pozole stew | póso-ri | boil+pass | |
| po:cho: | ceiba | kapok/cottonwood tree | pótsíi-wa | fluffy+al.poss | |
| pochteka | mercader | merchant | pótsi-teka | ceiba+gentility | |
| ilwia | decir | tell (vb.) | rewí-ha | say.intr+vblzr | |
| ilwika | cielo | sky | rewíka | sky | |
| sayolin | volar | fly | sai-hori | fly+flying.insect | |
| saka | zacate | grass | saka | grass | |
| iski | esquite, maíz tostado | roast maize kernels | sakí | roast (vb.) | |
| so:lin | codorniz | quail | saori-me | quail+pl | |
| ixwa/iswa | hoja | leaf/to sprout | sawá | leaf | |
| se:/se:n | uno | one | se:mi | one | |
| sese:k | frio | cold | se=se-ko | rdpl+cold+adj | |
| sepowa | entumecerse | become numb | sek-pówa | cold+? | |
| sewi/sewia | apagarse, apaciguarse | calm, become cold | sek-wi | cold+vblzr | |
| se:l | sólo, solitario | alone, only | se-ri | one+abs | |
| se:+wi/a | frio, estar | cold, be | se-wi | cold+vblzr | |
| xa:mi | adobe | adobe | siha-mi | sand+pl | |
| xa:l | arena | sand | siha-ri | sand+abs | |
| xoko:k | agrio | sour | sihɨ-ko-ko | sour+adj+adj | |
| xolo: | compañero, paje | companion, page | siho-rawɨ | star+predator | |
| xeloa/xeliwi | dividir | divide | siɨ-ri-wa/wi | split+pass+vblzr | |
| ixka | tostar | roast | siká | roast (vb.) | |
| xikal | jícara | bowl | si-kari | skin/peel+container | |
| itskal | sóbaco, axila | armpit | siká-ri | arm+abs | |
| xik | ombligo, cuerda umbilical | navel, umbilical cord | síku | navel | |
| sen /sin | maíz | maize | sɨ́nɨ | maize | |
| siwa: | mujer, hembra | woman, female | sɨ́ni-wa | wife+ali? | |
| xo:lo: | deidad de venus | venus deity | sió-rawɨ | star+predator | |
| xoloch | arruga, pliegue | wrinkle, fold | sióro-tsi | fold+small | |
| sitla:lin | estrella | star | sɨ́otari-me | minor.star.twin+pl | |
| xipewa | pelar, desollar | peel, flay | si-pé-wa | skin/peel+priv-vblzr | |
| xi:lo | jilote | baby corn | síra-wa | jilote+al.pos | |
| xitlani | resbalar, deslizarse | slide, | sitani | slide, slip | |
| iste/isti | uña, garra | nail, claw | sɨtɨ́ | nail/claw | |
| xito:ma | jitomate | tomato | si-toma | skin+tomato | |
| xo:chi | flor | flower | síwa-tsi | flower | |
| xok- | olla | pot | síwe-ka | pot+nmlzr | |
| xiwi | hierba, planta | herb, plant | siwi | plant | |
| sih- | liebre | hare | sɨwi | hare | |
| xoko | fruta | fruit | siwi-ko | ||
| xonaka | cebolla | onion | síwɨ-naka | onion+opuntia.pad | |
| xo:pan | temprada de llúvia | rainy season | síwi-páni | plant+on | |
| xo:tla | brotar, florear, destellar | bloom, flash, | siwi-ta | leaf+vblzr | |
| xiwi | año | year | siwi-wi | plant?+year? | |
| siyawi | mojarse | become wet (vb) | sɨyawi | wet | |
| so | ensartar, perforar | insert, pierce | so | pierce | |
| sih- | abuela (materna) | grandmother
(maternal) |
su | grandmother (maternal) | |
| tla:kati | nacer | be born | ta:ka-ti | ta:ka+vblzr | |
| tle/tay | algo, lo que | something, what, that | tahi | ||
| tlehko | subir | ascend | tahika-wi | ?+vblzr | |
| tlekwili | fogón, hogar | fireplace | tahi-kwi-ri | ||
| to:san | tuza | gopher | tahó-sa-me | rodent+mid?+pl | |
| tle | fuego, lumbre | fire | tai | fire | |
| tleko:l | carbón | coal, charcoal | tai-kóa-ri | fire+eat+pass | |
| tlakil | fruto | fruit | taki-ri | give.fruit+pass | |
| tlako | bastón | staff | tako | stick | |
| tlakoch | lanza, dardo | spear, dart | takó-tsi | stick+point | |
| tlakwatsin | tlacuache | opossum | takwatsi | ||
| tamachi:wa | medir | measure | tama?-tsiwa | measure+do | |
| tla:n | diente | tooth | táme | tooth | |
| tlawito:l | arco (arma) | bow | ta-mɨi-tori | something+pierce+reed | |
| tlan | abajo de | under, at | [[]]-tá-na | loc+loc.pos | |
| tlani | abajo | down | [[]]-táni | loc+loc | |
| tla:nkwa: | rodilla | knee | táno-kwa | knee+head | |
| to:ch | conejo | rabbit | tao-tsi | rodent+small | |
| tlap:ana | quebrar | break | tapana | break | |
| tlaloa | correr | run | tara-wa | foot+vblzr | |
| tlatla | quemarse | burn (vb. intr.) | tata | burn | |
| tlatlawki | rojo | red | ta-tawi-kai | rdpl+light+perf | |
| tlatia | quemar | burn (vb. tr.) | tati-a | burn+vblzr | |
| te:ch | junto a | by, beside | -ta-tsi | loc/acc+loc/acc | |
| tlach- | juego de pelota | ballgame | tátsi | ballgame | |
| tlawa:na | emborracharse | drunk, become | tawáa-na | be.drunk+vblzr | |
| toto:li | guajolota | turkey hen | táwari | turkey.hen/egg | |
| tloh | halcón | hawk | táwi | hawk | |
| tlok | cerca de | close to | táwi-ko | torso+loc | |
| to:na | calentar | heat (vb) | táwi-na | light+vblzr | |
| to:nal | dia, sol | day, sun | táwina-ri | calentar+pass | |
| tonalmiyo/tonalmeyo | rayo de sol | sun ray | táwina-ri-mɨi-yawa | heat+pass+arrow+abstract | |
| tlawil | luz | light | tawí-ri | sun/light+abs | |
| te | piedra, roca | stone, rock | te | stone | |
| te:ikka:w | hermano menor | younger brother | te:-ku-ká-wa | someone+little.brother
+agent+al.pos | |
| tehame/tehwan | nosotros | we | tehame | 1p.pl. Pron | |
| tekpatl | pedernal | flint | teka-pa | vitreous.rock+flat? | |
| teki | cortar | cut | teki | cut | |
| tekoma | tecomate | gourd vessel/calabash | te-koma | stone?+vessel | |
| tekolo:tl | búho | owl | teko-rawɨ | owl+predator | |
| tekw- | señor, dueño, líder | lord, chief | tekowa | owner/chief | |
| tema | cocer o bañarse al vapor | cook or bathe in steam | tema | steam/bake | |
| tamal | tamal | tamal | tema-ri | steam+pass | |
| temaskal | temazcal | steambath | tema-sV-kari | steam-fut?-house | |
| temo | bajar | descend | tema-wi | ||
| temiki | soñar | dream | temɨki | dream | |
| te:n | labio, orilla | lip, edge | téni | mouth | |
| te:mpotsa | pout | téni-pótsa | lip+inflate | ||
| tepe: | cerro, montaña | hill, mountain | tepe | tall | |
| tekpin | pulga | flea | te'pi-me | louse+pl | |
| topoh | pescadito | small fish | tepo | fish | |
| teponas | tambor de tronco | log drum | tepo-na-sa | cut+vblzr+nmlzr | |
| tepos | metal, cobre | metal, copper | tepo-ra | cut+instr? | |
| tepol | truncado, tronco | stub, trunk | tepo-ri | cut+pass | |
| texkal | peñasco, horno | cliff, rock overhang, oven | teri-kari | rock-house | |
| texolo | tejolote | pestle | tesi-wa-riwa | grind+pass+instr | |
| osto | cueva | cave | tesó | cave | |
| teska | espejo de obsidiana | obsidian mirror | téso-ka | cave+nmlzr | |
| teskatlipoka | Tezcatlipoca (deidad) | Tezcatlipoca (deity) | tesoka-tɨ-poka | mirror-abs-youth | |
| teson | tezontle | porous volcanic rock | tesoni | porous volcanic rock | |
| tetel | montículo, piramide | stone mound,
pyramid/temple |
te-teri | rdpl+rock | |
| techalo: | ardilla | squirrel | tetsi-(arVwV?) | ||
| tew | polvo | dust | tewa | dust, earth | |
| itta | ver | see (vb.) | tewá | see (vb.tr.) | |
| sow, plant, bury | toka | sembrar, plantar, enterrar | téwa-ka | dust/earth+vblzr | |
| to:ka | nombrar | name (vb.) | téwa-ka | name+vblzr | |
| to:kayi | nombre | name | téwa-ka-yi | name+nmlzr+inal | |
| itwi | amanecer, volverse visible | dawn, become visible | tewí | see (vb.unacc) | |
| tla:sa | tirar, lanzar | throw | tɨasa | throw | |
| tla:l | tierra | earth, ground, soil | tɨha-ri | earth+abs | |
| tla:lia | poner | put, place sth. | tɨhari-a | earth+vblzr | |
| tlalok | deidad | deity | tɨhari-wa-kai | earth+pos+ag | |
| teha/tehwa/taha | tú | you (sg,) | tɨ-hewa | 2sg. Pron | |
| tiyankis | mercado, tianguis | market | tɨiya-nV-kí-sa | sell+?+house+instr? | |
| tikatla | media noche | midnight | tɨka-ta | night+loc | |
| itki | cargar (cosas pequeñas) | carry (small things) | tɨkí | carry (small things) | |
| temoa | buscar | search | tɨmá-wa | see+vblzr | |
| tlil- | tizne | soot | tɨ́ri | soot | |
| tila:na/tela:na | jalar | pull | tɨ́ra-hana | child?/foot?+grab | |
| teliksa | patear | kick | tɨri-kesa-[[]] | foot?-step.on | |
| te:lpoka/te:lpoch | muchacho, joven | young man | tɨri-po-ka/tsi | boy+peer+nmlzr | |
| tilmah | capa | cloak | tɨroma | cloak | |
| ti:sa | gis | chalk | tɨ́sa | chalk | |
| tesi/tisi | moler (en metate) | grind (on grind stone) | tɨsi | grind | |
| teo: | sol, deidad | sun, deity | tɨ-yaw | 1p.pl.poss+father | |
| teosiwi | hambre | hunger | tɨyaw-siwi | deity+sickness | |
| to:ya:wa | derramar, verter | spill, overflow | to:ya-wa | ||
| toma:wa | engordecerse | become fat | toma:-wa | belly+vblzr | |
| to:lin | tule | cattail reed | tori-me | cattail+pl | |
| ista- | sal | salt | tosa | white | |
| istak | blanca | white | tosa-ko | white+adj | |
| to:ska | voz, garganta | voice, throat | toso-ka | ||
| to:to: | pájaro | bird | toto | beautiful? | |
| tsa:wa | hilar | spin | tsa:wa | spin | |
| tsapa | tilapia, mojarra | tilapia | tsapá | fish | |
| tsa:yana | split | tsaya-na | split+vblzr | ||
| chi:ya | mirar, observar | watch (vb.) | tseí-ya | watch+vblzr | |
| tsakwa | cerrar | close | tsekwa | close, make stick | |
| its- | filo de obsidiana | obsidian knife | tsɨ | point | |
| chi:wa | hacer | do, make | tsí:wa | do | |
| chichikas | chichicaztle | stinging nettle | tsi=tsika-sa | rdpl+ant+? | |
| chalchihui | turquesa | turquoise | tsiari-siwi | sand+plant | |
| ichka | algodón | cotton | tsiká | cotton? Down | |
| tsika | hormiga | ant | tsɨ́ka | ant | |
| chika:wa | fortalecer | become strong | tsika-wa | ?? | |
| tsekawas- | peine | comb | tsɨka-wasa | comb+instr | |
| itskwin | perro | dog | tsɨkɨí-me | dog+pl | |
| chikol | gancho, garrote | hook, elbow | tsiko-ri | crooked+abs | |
| chikwase:n | seis | six | tsiko-se | crooked+one | |
| tsekwini/tsikwini | brincar, correr | jump, run | tsɨkwinai | jump | |
| chimal | escudo | shield | tsi-ma-ri | point+hand+abs | |
| tsopa | limpiar | clean | tsipá | clean | |
| chipa:wa | limpio | clean | tsipá-wa | clean+vblzr | |
| chipa:wak | limpio | clean | tsipá-wa-ko | clean+vblzr+adj | |
| ichpoka/ichpoch | muchacha, joven | young woman | tsi-pó-ka/tsi | point?+peer+nmlzr | |
| chi:l | chile | chili | tsi-ri | singe+abs | |
| chichin:a | mamar | suckle | tsitsi-na | suckl+vblzr | |
| chichi:k | amargo | bitter | tsi-tsípɨ-ko | rdpl+bitter+adj | |
| chichi:wa:l | seno, pecho de mujer | breast | tsitsi-wari | suckle+basket | |
| cho:ka | llorar | cry | tsiwaka | cry | |
| tsohpilo: | zopilote | vulture | tsiwi-pɨ-rawɨ | male turkey+predator | |
| choloa | huir | flee | tsiwi-riwa? | ||
| chiye | chía | chia | tsiya-hai | grease+bean | |
| chapolin | chapulín | grasshopper | tsiya-pori-me | grease+flying.insect-pl | |
| chiyawa | grasa | grease, fat | tsiyawa | grease | |
| tsohtsoma | coser | sew | tsoma | sew | |
| tsompil | moco | mucus, snot | tsoma-pɨri | mucus+attachment | |
| tsomi | vello | body hair, | tsomi | body hair | |
| tsontekoma | cabeza, cráneo | head, skull | tsomi-tekoma | hair+vessel | |
| tsotsona | pegar | hit, slap | tsona | hit | |
| tsonkal | cabello | hair | tsoni-kari | hair+house | |
| tsopi | terminar, cerrar un lienzo | finish a woven cloth | tsopa | finish | |
| tsoponi/tsopona | clavar, picar, insertar | insert, pierce | tsopo-ni | sit | |
| tsotsopas | pala (para tejer) | batten | tsotso-pari | cloth+tool | |
| tsohtsol | ropa, tela, textil | cloth, textile, clothes | tsotso-ri | cloth+pass/abs | |
| tsinaka/tsonaka | murciélago | bat | tsú-naká | dog+ear | |
| tsitsimi | monstruo esqueletal | skeletal monster | tsu-tsumi | rdpl-bone | |
| tsa:pa | chaparro, enano | short person, dwarf | tsaapa | short person | |
| tla:ka | hombre, persona | man, human, person | taaka | human | |
| tlahka | tarde, atardecer | late, afternoon | taakai | late | |
| waki | secarse | dry, become | wa-ki | dry (intr.) | |
| wexo: | sauce | willow | wasiwe | willow | |
| watsa | secar | dry (vb.tr) | wa-tsa | dry (tr.) | |
| waw- | amaranto | pigweed | wawe | amaranth | |
| awiwitska | golondrina | swallow | wawitska | swallow | |
| wets/wits | espina | thorn | wetsa | thorn | |
| wetsi | caer | fall | wetsi | fall | |
| wecho | guajolote | male turkey | we-tsiwi | big+male turkey | |
| wexolo | guajolote | male turkey | we-tsiwi-rawɨ | big+male turkey
+predator | |
| we:we | viejo | old | we-we | rdpl+old | |
| we:weh | viejito | old man | we-wet | rdpl+old | |
| we:yi | grande | big | weyi | big | |
| wi:ka | llevar | bring | wi:-ka | move+vblzr | |
| wi:ts | llegar, venir | arrive,come | wi:-tsa | move+vblzr | |
| wik | coa | digging stick | wika | digging stick | |
| wi:k | hacia | towards | -wi-ko | all+loc | |
| wilo: | huilota, paloma | pigeon, dove | wiro | pigeon | |
| wipil | blusa | blouse | wipíri | net+abs | |
| wila:na/wela:na | jalar | pull | wɨra-hana | ?-grab | |
| wexi | consuegro | co-parent in-law | wɨsi | affinal kin | |
| witeki | golpear | beat, hit | wite-ki | hit+vblzr | |
| wits/wets | espina | thorn | wɨtsa | thorn | |
| witsili | colibrí, | hummingbird | wi-tsɨrɨ | bird+bird | |
| yaw | pericón | marigold | yawi | precipitation | |
| yawi | ir | go | ya-wi | be/sit+move | |
| yao:- | enemígo, guerrero | enemy, warrior | yawɨ-wa | predator+al.poss | |
| ye | ser | to be | ye | be | |
| ye | madre | mother | ye | mother | |
| yeka(tsol) | naríz | nose | yeka-tsori | nose+snout | |
| yekoa | intentar, practicar, probar | try, practice, taste | yeki-wa | try+vblzr | |
| awaka/ewaka | aguacate | avocado | yewa-ka | skin+nmlzr | |
| ya:wi | maíz azul | blue corn | yɨawi | blue | |
| yemani | calientito, placentero, suave | leasant, soft, luke warm | yɨmani | luke warm | |
| ye:lo: | elote | fresh corn cob | yɨra-wa | sprout+al.poss | |
| yo:wal | noche | night | yɨwa-ri | become.dark+pass | |
| ihsiwi | tener prisa | hurry | hi-sɨwi | hurry | |
| awa | espina, ahuate | prickly hair/thorn | |||
| ahwiya | aromatico | fragrant | hawí+hɨya+ko | ||
| alawa | volverse baboso | become slimy | |||
| apis | necesidad, hambre, avaricia | need, hunger, greed | |||
| awa | encino | oak | |||
| awia | sentir placer, jugar | feel pleasure, play | háwi-ya | ||
| awil | juguete | toy | háwi-ri | ||
| axka:i | posesión, pertenencia | belonging, property | |||
| axka:n | ahora | now | ya-kana | ||
| ayi | hacer | do | |||
| cha:n | casa, hogar | home | |||
| chicha | saliva | spittle | |||
| chikiwi | chiquihuite, cesto | basket | tsikiwi | ||
| ilama | viejita | old woman | loan? hɨrama? | ||
| iskali | criar | raise, give sustenance | sɨká-ri | ||
| itsmolini | retoñar | sprout anew | [[]] | ||
| iwa | mandar | send | [[]] | ||
| iwinti | inebriarse, intoxicarse | become inebriated | [[]] | ||
| ixwia | llenarse | become full/satisfied | [[]] | ||
| kahkayawa | engañar | cheat | [[]] | ||
| kakalo | cuervo | crow | [[]] | ||
| kakawatl | cacao | cacao/cocoa | [[]] | ||
| kaki | escuchar, oír | hear | [[]] | ||
| katsawa | ensuciar | become dirty | [[]] | ||
| kimil | bolsa, costal | sack | [[]] | ||
| kopal | incienso de copal | incense | [[]] | ||
| kopil | corona, diadema | crown, headdress | [[]] | ||
| koto:na/koto:ni | cortar | cut off | [[]] | ||
| kots | tobillo | lower leg, ankle | [[]] | ||
| kwa:lani | enojarse | be angry | [[]] | ||
| kwepa | volver, regresar, voltear | return, turn around | [[]] | ||
| mama/meme | cargar | carry | [[]] | ||
| masewa/masewi | merecer | deserve | [[]] | ||
| mawi | miedo, respeto | fear, respect | [[]] | ||
| maya:na | hambre | hunger | [[]] | ||
| mayawa/mayawi | esparcir | scatter | [[]] | ||
| me:ya | fluir | flow | [[]] | ||
| mela:wa | enderezar, ser verdad | straighten, be true | [[]] | ||
| mets | pantorilla | calf | [[]] | ||
| miyak/miek | mucho(s) | many, much | mɨiya+ko | ||
| ne:n | vanamente, en balde | vainly | [[]] | ||
| nekw | nectar, miel, aguamiel, | nectar, honey, sweet sap | [[]] | ||
| nempo | mudo, tartamudo | mute, stutter | [[]] | ||
| niman | entonces | then | [[]] | ||
| ok | pulque | pulque | Huastec loan? | ||
| oxi | exudación de la piel | [[]] | |||
| palani | podrirse | rot | [[]] | ||
| papalo: | mariposa | butterfly | pa+paɨri-wa | "redpl+wing/pad-haver" | |
| pina:wa | tener pena | become ashamed | [[]] | ||
| poa | limpiar | clean | píwa | ||
| poxakwa | búho, lechuza | owl | otomian loan | ||
| poxewa | podrir, ennegrecerse | become black/rotten | poʃ-e:wa (poʃ an otomian loan) | ||
| sawa | grano de la piel | boil of the skin, grain, pox | [[]] | ||
| selia | recibir, aceptar | receive | [[]] | ||
| selik | tierno | tender | [[]] | ||
| seliya | enternecerse | become tender, fresh | [[]] | ||
| siwis- | enfermedad | disease | [[]] | ||
| soki | lodo | mud | [[]] | ||
| tamasolin | sapo | toad | tema-sori-mɨ | ||
| tanah | tanate | basket for tortillas | loan? | ||
| te:ka | acostar | lay | [[]] | ||
| temi | llenar | fill | [[]] | ||
| tena | gemir | moan | [[]] | ||
| tenami | pared, barda | wall | te-nami | ||
| tepitsin/tepito:n | pequeño | little | [[]] | ||
| tepitstik | duro | hard | [[]] | ||
| tepol | tronco cortado | stub | tepo-ri | ||
| tepontik | trunco | stubby, stubbed | tepo-na-ti-ko | ||
| tepots | espalda, lomo | back | [[]] | ||
| tetsawi | asombro | wonder | [[]] | ||
| tisi | curadora, partera | curer, midwife | [[]] | ||
| titlani | mandar | send | [[]] | ||
| tlahko | mitad | half | [[]] | ||
| tlami | terminar | finish | [[]] | ||
| tlatskan | cedro, ciprés | cypress, cedar | [[]] | ||
| tlawe:li | odio, ira | hate | [[]] | ||
| tlayel | excremento, suciedad | excrement, filth | [[]] | ||
| toka | seguir | follow | [[]] | ||
| toka | araña | spider | toka | spider | |
| toma | desatar | untie | [[]] | ||
| tomoni | nacer ampollas | get blisters, | [[]] | ||
| totomoch | totomoxtle | dry maize leaves | [[]] | ||
| tsahtsi | gritar | yell | [[]] | ||
| tsapo | zapote | Sapotaceae /manilkara | [[]] | ||
| tsiki | pequeño, chiquito | little | [[]] | ||
| tsilini | sonar (como campana) | ring, resound | [[]] | ||
| tsin | base, fondo,
diminutivo, honorifico |
base, butt,
honorific, diminutive |
[[]] | ||
| tsipi | chipil | weaning child, | [[]] | Huastec loan,
or from PSUA *tsupi | |
| tsoka | mezquino | wart, | [[]] | ||
| tsopelik | dulce | sweet | [[]] | ||
| tsoyoni | freir | fry | [[]] | ||
| weli | poder | able | [[]] | ||
| weltiw | hermana | sister | [[]] | ||
| xa:wa | pintarse la cara | paint one's face | [[]] | ||
| xa:yak | cara | face | [[]] | ||
| xitini | romperse, estallar, collapsar | collapse, | [[]] | ||
| xixa | orines | urine | sisa | ||
| xomo | pato | duck | [[]] | ||
| yawaloa/yewaloa | rodear | surround, encircle | [[]] | ||
| ye:wa/e:wa | alzarse, desconectarse,
sentarse, levantarse, irse |
ascend, lift, peel,
let go, get up, leave |
[[]] | ||
| topil | bastón | staff | [[]] | ||
| kopini/kopina | desprender, quitar, sacar | disconnect, remove, take out | [[]] | ||
| top | caja | box, chest | [[]] | ||
| iskalia | revivir, animar, sustentar | revive, nurture, come to life | sɨkária | ||
| -siwi | padecer, | ail, be ill | -sɨ̒wi | ||
| mo-moh | buho | owl | mɨhɨ /muhu | ||
| ma:wi | temer, tener miedo | fear, be afraid | maha-wi | ||
| chi-chiltik | rojo | red | tsíra-tí-ko |