Bat - Revision history

https://sualex.cenzontle.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Bat Bat - Revision history 2026-04-19T23:17:30Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.43.0 https://sualex.cenzontle.org/index.php?title=Bat&diff=1232&oldid=prev Jawad at 14:44, 29 January 2026 2026-01-29T14:44:50Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 07:44, 29 January 2026</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l49">Line 49:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 49:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:'''[['átsi]]'''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:'''[['átsi]]'''</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">how to cite</ins>}}</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">HOWTOCITE</del>}}</div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:English entries]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:English entries]]</div></td></tr>  </table>

Jawad https://sualex.cenzontle.org/index.php?title=Bat&diff=781&oldid=prev Magnus at 23:51, 9 June 2025 2025-06-09T23:51:28Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:51, 9 June 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l8">Line 8:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 8:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Coracholan''': The proto-Coracholan form *[['átsi]] may be derived from this same form, or may potentially be a reflex of the PUA form *''patsi/*paCti'' reconstructed by Stubbs (2011#124; #125). </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Coracholan''': The proto-Coracholan form *[['átsi]] may be derived from this same form, or may potentially be a reflex of the PUA form *''patsi/*paCti'' reconstructed by Stubbs (2011#124; #125). </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Tepiman''': The proto-Tepiman form ''*na:kamɨri'' seems to be part of another pattern of "bat" words, derived by compounding two roots, one of which means "mouse" and the other of which either means "butterfly", "to fly" or simply "bat". </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Tepiman''': The proto-Tepiman form ''*<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>na:kamɨri<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>'' seems to be part of another pattern of "bat" words, derived by compounding two roots, one of which means "mouse" and the other of which either means "butterfly", "to fly" or simply "bat". </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Calque: "butterfly-mouse"''': The fact that SUA words for 'bat' seem to frequently include the root for "mouse" is not surprising (this also happens in other languages, e.g. Danish ''flagermus'', German ''Fledermaus'' both meaning "flutter-mouse"), especially not given that the literature describes a folk belief among some Sonoran peoples (specifically Raramuri) that bats are really mice that are transformed into flying creatures as they age. According to Jesús Villalpando (personal communication 2024), the Raramuri phrase ''chikuli sopetukame'' (clearly cognate Ópatan ''sikur sopits'') means "transformed mouse" (chikuri "mouse"), and Brambila's Raramuri diccionario has the example ''so'pechí rorí najítuami u'' “los murciélagos son ratas metamorfoseadas” (Brambila 1976:346). According to Villalpando ''so'pima'' means "to turn", and he sees this as the likely origin of the word ''sopichi'' in Raramuri, as a kind of abbreviation of ''chikuli sopetukame''. Since "sopi" does not <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">appaear </del>to mean "transformed" in other contexts this may however be a folk etymology playing on the sound similarity between ''sopi'' and the verb ''ropi'' "to transform", interacting with the folk belief. In Ópata, the root ''sopits'' on its own means "butterfly", suggesting that potentially this was the original meaning of the PSUA root. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Calque: "butterfly-mouse"''': The fact that SUA words for 'bat' seem to frequently include the root for "mouse" is not surprising (this also happens in other languages, e.g. Danish ''flagermus'', German ''Fledermaus'' both meaning "flutter-mouse"), especially not given that the literature describes a folk belief among some Sonoran peoples (specifically Raramuri) that bats are really mice that are transformed into flying creatures as they age. According to Jesús Villalpando (personal communication 2024), the Raramuri phrase ''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>chikuli sopetukame<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>'' (clearly cognate Ópatan ''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>sikur sopits<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>'') means "transformed mouse" (<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''[[</ins>chikuri<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]'' </ins>"mouse"), and Brambila's Raramuri diccionario has the example ''so'pechí rorí najítuami u'' “los murciélagos son ratas metamorfoseadas” (Brambila 1976:346). According to Villalpando ''so'pima'' means "to turn", and he sees this as the likely origin of the word ''sopichi'' in Raramuri, as a kind of abbreviation of ''chikuli sopetukame''. Since "sopi" does not <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">appear </ins>to mean "transformed" in other contexts this may however be a folk etymology playing on the sound similarity between ''sopi'' and the verb ''ropi'' "to transform", interacting with the folk belief. In Ópata, the root ''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>sopits<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>'' on its own means "butterfly", suggesting that potentially this was the original meaning of the PSUA root. </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Nahuan===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Nahuan===</div></td></tr>  </table>

Magnus https://sualex.cenzontle.org/index.php?title=Bat&diff=779&oldid=prev Magnus: /* Nahuan */ 2025-06-09T23:48:33Z

<p><span class="autocomment">Nahuan</span></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:48, 9 June 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l15">Line 15:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 15:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In Nahuan languages there are two basic types of words for "bat". Some are derived from the PSUA root ''[[sopitsi|*sopi(tsi)]]'', and others are coined as a compound of words for "mouse" (''[[kimichin]]'') with words meaning either "to fly" or "butterfly". Interestingly the words, derived from the PSUA root are also in most cases compounds with the root ''*na:ka'', which appears related to the Corachol word for "mouse" ''[[naika]]'' (which also appears in the proto-Tepiman root for "bat" ''*naakamɨri''). The compounds of "mouse" + "fly/butterfly" seem a likely calque, as this compound is also found in Ópatan ''sikur sopits'' "bat" (lit. "mouse-butterfly"). </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In Nahuan languages there are two basic types of words for "bat". Some are derived from the PSUA root ''[[sopitsi|*sopi(tsi)]]'', and others are coined as a compound of words for "mouse" (''[[kimichin]]'') with words meaning either "to fly" or "butterfly". Interestingly the words, derived from the PSUA root are also in most cases compounds with the root ''*na:ka'', which appears related to the Corachol word for "mouse" ''[[naika]]'' (which also appears in the proto-Tepiman root for "bat" ''*naakamɨri''). The compounds of "mouse" + "fly/butterfly" seem a likely calque, as this compound is also found in Ópatan ''sikur sopits'' "bat" (lit. "mouse-butterfly"). </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An important argument for seeing the element tsi-/tso- as being derived from *sopi(tsi), is that tsi- is an unexpected sequence in Nahuan, as it would be expected to palatalize. In most cases where a non-palatal sibilant precedes the vowel /i/, this is because at the time when the palatalization process was active, the vowel was a different quality that did not cause palatalization (e.g. o, a, ɨ), and that the vowel /i/ is a subsequent innovation. Alternatively such words may be a borrowing from another language entering the language after the palatalization process was no longer active. In this case however, the fact that some Nahuan varieties have o in this word strongly suggests that o is the original vowel, and the form *sópi would regularly become *tsoi in Corachol-Nahuan (ts being fortis variant of s in stressed syllable and h begin lenis variant of p in unstressed syllables, which is later elided entirely). Diphthong leveling is an important and well-attested <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">processin </del>Nahuan, and we know it may result in different vowel qualities apparently depending on the stress pattern of the word in a given variety. The diphthong /ai/ in ''naika'' would be expected to become /e/, but it may have been leveled to /a:/ before the /ai/>/e/ change took place, and the long vowel in ''-naaka'' suggests an origin as a diphthong.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An important argument for seeing the element tsi-/tso- as being derived from *sopi(tsi), is that tsi- is an unexpected sequence in Nahuan, as it would be expected to palatalize. In most cases where a non-palatal sibilant precedes the vowel /i/, this is because at the time when the palatalization process was active, the vowel was a different quality that did not cause palatalization (e.g. o, a, ɨ), and that the vowel /i/ is a subsequent innovation. Alternatively such words may be a borrowing from another language entering the language after the palatalization process was no longer active. In this case however, the fact that some Nahuan varieties have o in this word strongly suggests that o is the original vowel, and the form *<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>sópi<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' </ins>would regularly become *<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>tsoi<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' </ins>in Corachol-Nahuan (ts being fortis variant of s in stressed syllable and h begin lenis variant of p in unstressed syllables, which is later elided entirely). Diphthong leveling is an important and well-attested <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">process in </ins>Nahuan, and we know it may result in different vowel qualities apparently depending on the stress pattern of the word in a given variety. The diphthong /ai/ in ''naika'' would be expected to become /e/, but it may have been leveled to /a:/ before the /ai/>/e/ change took place, and the long vowel in ''-naaka'' suggests an origin as a diphthong.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The calque compounds are found primarily in the Central dialect area, whereas the Eastern varieties tend to have the forms derived from PSUA, although these are also found in some varieties in the Center. It is not clear that there is a dialect pattern to the variation between ''tsina:ka/tsona:ka'', both forms may have existed in (free) variation in proto-Nahuatl.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The calque compounds are found primarily in the Central dialect area, whereas the Eastern varieties tend to have the forms derived from PSUA, although these are also found in some varieties in the Center. It is not clear that there is a dialect pattern to the variation between ''tsina:ka/tsona:ka'', both forms may have existed in (free) variation in proto-Nahuatl.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">An alternative etymology has been proposed by Karen [[Dakin, Karen. 1996. "Huesos" en el náhuatl: etimologías yutoaztecas. Estudios de Cultura Náhuatl, 26:309-325.|Dakin (1996)]] who suggests PN *tsina:kan was coined as a compound of PUA *''tsu'' "bone" and PUA *''naka'' "ear". Her argument comes from her realization that some instances of PN *''tsi'' (wihout the expected palatalization) comes from PUA *''tsu'', since palatalization did not take place before PUA *u (PCN *ɨ). However, the root *''naka(s)'' "ear" does not fit with -''na:ka(n)'' in vowel length. Another proposal, suggested to me by Fortino Ramirez of Zaragoza, is that in Zaragoza Nawa<nowiki>'</nowiki> ''tsinaaga'' comes from ''tsin''- "butt, anus" and ''aagah'' "canoe" (from PN /a:kal/ "canoe"). This proposal also doesn't work since it does not fit the phonetics of other dialects where the root for "canoe" ends in -l, while the word for bat ends in -n. </ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>;Forms derived from *sopi(tsi)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>;Forms derived from *sopi(tsi)</div></td></tr>  </table>

Magnus https://sualex.cenzontle.org/index.php?title=Bat&diff=342&oldid=prev Magnus at 19:21, 25 April 2025 2025-04-25T19:21:03Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:21, 25 April 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l50">Line 50:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 50:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{HOWTOCITE}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{HOWTOCITE}}</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:English]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:English <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">entries</ins>]]</div></td></tr>  </table>

Magnus https://sualex.cenzontle.org/index.php?title=Bat&diff=313&oldid=prev Magnus at 17:54, 25 April 2025 2025-04-25T17:54:09Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:54, 25 April 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l4">Line 4:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 4:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Southern Uto-Aztecan words for '''"bat"''' (order ''Chiroptera'') fall into relatively neat groupings of Nahuan, Coracholan, Tepiman, and Minor Sonoran, with a sub-distinction between Tarahumara-Guarijío-Ópatan vs. Cahitan. But a thorough analysis suggests that the forms in Nahuan and Minor Sonoran are derived from a single PSUA form *[[sopitsi]] (or potentially just ''*sopi'', depending on whether the ''-tsi'' is lost in Nahuan or added in Sonoran). </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Southern Uto-Aztecan words for '''"bat"''' (order ''Chiroptera'') fall into relatively neat groupings of Nahuan, Coracholan, Tepiman, and Minor Sonoran, with a sub-distinction between Tarahumara-Guarijío-Ópatan vs. Cahitan. But a thorough analysis suggests that the forms in Nahuan and Minor Sonoran are derived from a single PSUA form *[[sopitsi]] (or potentially just ''*sopi'', depending on whether the ''-tsi'' is lost in Nahuan or added in Sonoran). </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Nahuan''': The relationship between the Nahuan form and the Minor Sonoran forms is obscured by two things: 1. That soundchanges has reduced *sopi to the syllable ''tsi-'' and ''tso-'' (intermediary steps *''tsoi'' < *''tsohi'') which only appears in compound forms ''[[tsina:ka]]'', ''[[tsona:ka]]'' and ''[[tsotso]]''. 2. That the forms with tso are limited to a handful of dialects, and the best known form is the one with tsi-, which looks less likely to be related to ''*sopi'' than ''*tso''. Nevertheless, the changes follow regular patterns, and even explain the unexpected lack of palatalization in the Nahuan root ''tsi''. Recognizing these facts allows us to see the Nahuan and Sonoran form as deriving from a single proto-form. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Nahuan''': The relationship between the Nahuan form and the Minor Sonoran forms is obscured by two things: 1. That soundchanges has reduced *<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>sopi<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' </ins>to the syllable ''tsi-'' and ''tso-'' (intermediary steps *''tsoi'' < *''tsohi'') which only appears in compound forms ''[[tsina:ka]]'', ''[[tsona:ka]]'' and ''[[tsotso]]''. 2. That the forms with tso are limited to a handful of dialects, and the best known form is the one with <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>tsi-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>, which looks less likely to be related to ''*sopi'' than ''*tso''. Nevertheless, the changes follow regular patterns, and even explain the unexpected lack of palatalization in the Nahuan root ''tsi''. Recognizing these facts allows us to see the Nahuan and Sonoran form as deriving from a single proto-form. </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Coracholan''': The proto-Coracholan form *[['átsi]] may be derived from this same form, or may potentially be a reflex of the PUA form *''patsi/*paCti'' reconstructed by Stubbs (2011#124; #125). </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Coracholan''': The proto-Coracholan form *[['átsi]] may be derived from this same form, or may potentially be a reflex of the PUA form *''patsi/*paCti'' reconstructed by Stubbs (2011#124; #125). </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Tepiman''': The proto-Tepiman form ''*<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">naakamɨri</del>'' seems to be part of another pattern of "bat" words, derived by compounding two roots, one of which means "mouse" and the other of which either means "butterfly", "to fly" or simply "bat". </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Tepiman''': The proto-Tepiman form ''*<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">na:kamɨri</ins>'' seems to be part of another pattern of "bat" words, derived by compounding two roots, one of which means "mouse" and the other of which either means "butterfly", "to fly" or simply "bat". </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Calque: "butterfly-mouse"''': The fact that SUA words for 'bat' seem to frequently include the root for "mouse" is not surprising (this also happens in other languages, e.g. Danish ''flagermus'', German ''Fledermaus'' both meaning "flutter-mouse"), especially not given that the literature describes a folk belief among some Sonoran peoples (specifically Raramuri) that bats are really mice that are transformed into flying creatures as they age. According to Jesús Villalpando (personal communication 2024), the Raramuri phrase ''chikuli sopetukame'' (clearly cognate Ópatan ''sikur sopits'') means "transformed mouse" (chikuri "mouse"), and Brambila's Raramuri diccionario has the example ''so'pechí rorí najítuami u'' “los murciélagos son ratas metamorfoseadas” (Brambila 1976:346). According to Villalpando ''so'pima'' means "to turn", and he sees this as the likely origin of the word ''sopichi'' in Raramuri, as a kind of abbreviation of ''chikuli sopetukame''. Since "sopi" does not appaear to mean "transformed" in other contexts this may however be a folk etymology playing on the sound similarity between ''sopi'' and the verb ''ropi'' "to transform", interacting with the folk belief. In Ópata, the root ''sopits'' on its own means "butterfly", suggesting that potentially this was the original meaning of the PSUA root. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Calque: "butterfly-mouse"''': The fact that SUA words for 'bat' seem to frequently include the root for "mouse" is not surprising (this also happens in other languages, e.g. Danish ''flagermus'', German ''Fledermaus'' both meaning "flutter-mouse"), especially not given that the literature describes a folk belief among some Sonoran peoples (specifically Raramuri) that bats are really mice that are transformed into flying creatures as they age. According to Jesús Villalpando (personal communication 2024), the Raramuri phrase ''chikuli sopetukame'' (clearly cognate Ópatan ''sikur sopits'') means "transformed mouse" (chikuri "mouse"), and Brambila's Raramuri diccionario has the example ''so'pechí rorí najítuami u'' “los murciélagos son ratas metamorfoseadas” (Brambila 1976:346). According to Villalpando ''so'pima'' means "to turn", and he sees this as the likely origin of the word ''sopichi'' in Raramuri, as a kind of abbreviation of ''chikuli sopetukame''. Since "sopi" does not appaear to mean "transformed" in other contexts this may however be a folk etymology playing on the sound similarity between ''sopi'' and the verb ''ropi'' "to transform", interacting with the folk belief. In Ópata, the root ''sopits'' on its own means "butterfly", suggesting that potentially this was the original meaning of the PSUA root. </div></td></tr>  </table>

Magnus https://sualex.cenzontle.org/index.php?title=Bat&diff=312&oldid=prev Magnus at 17:44, 25 April 2025 2025-04-25T17:44:46Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:44, 25 April 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l4">Line 4:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 4:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Southern Uto-Aztecan words for '''"bat"''' (order ''Chiroptera'') fall into relatively neat groupings of Nahuan, Coracholan, Tepiman, and Minor Sonoran, with a sub-distinction between Tarahumara-Guarijío-Ópatan vs. Cahitan. But a thorough analysis suggests that the forms in Nahuan and Minor Sonoran are derived from a single PSUA form *[[sopitsi]] (or potentially just ''*sopi'', depending on whether the ''-tsi'' is lost in Nahuan or added in Sonoran). </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Southern Uto-Aztecan words for '''"bat"''' (order ''Chiroptera'') fall into relatively neat groupings of Nahuan, Coracholan, Tepiman, and Minor Sonoran, with a sub-distinction between Tarahumara-Guarijío-Ópatan vs. Cahitan. But a thorough analysis suggests that the forms in Nahuan and Minor Sonoran are derived from a single PSUA form *[[sopitsi]] (or potentially just ''*sopi'', depending on whether the ''-tsi'' is lost in Nahuan or added in Sonoran). </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Nahuan''': The relationship between the Nahuan form and the Minor Sonoran forms is obscured by two things: 1. That soundchanges has reduced *sopi to the syllable ''tsi-'' and ''tso-'' (intermediary steps *''tsoi'' < *''tsohi'') which only appears in compound forms ''[[tsina:ka]]'', ''[[tsona:ka]]'' and ''[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sotso</del>]]''. 2. That the forms with tso are limited to a handful of dialects, and the best known form is the one with tsi-, which looks less likely to be related to ''*sopi'' than ''*tso''. Nevertheless, the changes follow regular patterns, and even explain the unexpected lack of palatalization in the Nahuan root ''tsi''. Recognizing these facts allows us to see the Nahuan and Sonoran form as deriving from a single proto-form. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Nahuan''': The relationship between the Nahuan form and the Minor Sonoran forms is obscured by two things: 1. That soundchanges has reduced *sopi to the syllable ''tsi-'' and ''tso-'' (intermediary steps *''tsoi'' < *''tsohi'') which only appears in compound forms ''[[tsina:ka]]'', ''[[tsona:ka]]'' and ''[[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tsotso</ins>]]''. 2. That the forms with tso are limited to a handful of dialects, and the best known form is the one with tsi-, which looks less likely to be related to ''*sopi'' than ''*tso''. Nevertheless, the changes follow regular patterns, and even explain the unexpected lack of palatalization in the Nahuan root ''tsi''. Recognizing these facts allows us to see the Nahuan and Sonoran form as deriving from a single proto-form. </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Coracholan''': The proto-Coracholan form *[['átsi]] may be derived from this same form, or may potentially be a reflex of the PUA form *''patsi/*paCti'' reconstructed by Stubbs (2011#124; #125). </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Coracholan''': The proto-Coracholan form *[['átsi]] may be derived from this same form, or may potentially be a reflex of the PUA form *''patsi/*paCti'' reconstructed by Stubbs (2011#124; #125). </div></td></tr>  </table>

Magnus https://sualex.cenzontle.org/index.php?title=Bat&diff=286&oldid=prev Magnus at 13:20, 25 April 2025 2025-04-25T13:20:48Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 06:20, 25 April 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l2">Line 2:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 2:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Bat scenario 1.jpeg|thumb|Scenario 2 for relation between "bat" etyma. Here Coracholan retains the PUA form ''*patsi''. Here minor Sonoran is united with Nahuan, while Tepima and Corachol are distinct]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Bat scenario 1.jpeg|thumb|Scenario 2 for relation between "bat" etyma. Here Coracholan retains the PUA form ''*patsi''. Here minor Sonoran is united with Nahuan, while Tepima and Corachol are distinct]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Southern Uto-Aztecan words for '''"bat"''' (order ''Chiroptera'') fall into relatively neat groupings of Nahuan, Coracholan, Tepiman, and Minor Sonoran, with a sub-distinction between Tarahumara-Guarijío-Ópatan vs. Cahitan. But a thorough analysis suggests that the forms in Nahuan and Minor Sonoran are derived from a single PSUA form *[[sopitsi]] (or potentially just ''*sopi''). </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Southern Uto-Aztecan words for '''"bat"''' (order ''Chiroptera'') fall into relatively neat groupings of Nahuan, Coracholan, Tepiman, and Minor Sonoran, with a sub-distinction between Tarahumara-Guarijío-Ópatan vs. Cahitan. But a thorough analysis suggests that the forms in Nahuan and Minor Sonoran are derived from a single PSUA form *[[sopitsi]] (or potentially just ''*sopi''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, depending on whether the ''-tsi'' is lost in Nahuan or added in Sonoran</ins>). </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Nahuan''': The relationship between the Nahuan form and the Minor Sonoran forms is obscured by two things: 1. That soundchanges has reduced *sopi to the syllable ''tsi-'' and ''tso-'' (intermediary steps *''tsoi'' < *''tsohi'') which only appears in compound forms ''[[tsina:ka]]'', ''[[tsona:ka]]'' and ''[[sotso]]''. 2. That the forms with tso are limited to a handful of dialects, and the best known form is the one with tsi-, which looks less likely to be related to ''*sopi'' than ''*tso''. Nevertheless, the changes follow regular patterns, and even explain the unexpected lack of palatalization in the Nahuan root ''tsi''. Recognizing these facts allows us to see the Nahuan and Sonoran form as deriving from a single proto-form. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Nahuan''': The relationship between the Nahuan form and the Minor Sonoran forms is obscured by two things: 1. That soundchanges has reduced *sopi to the syllable ''tsi-'' and ''tso-'' (intermediary steps *''tsoi'' < *''tsohi'') which only appears in compound forms ''[[tsina:ka]]'', ''[[tsona:ka]]'' and ''[[sotso]]''. 2. That the forms with tso are limited to a handful of dialects, and the best known form is the one with tsi-, which looks less likely to be related to ''*sopi'' than ''*tso''. Nevertheless, the changes follow regular patterns, and even explain the unexpected lack of palatalization in the Nahuan root ''tsi''. Recognizing these facts allows us to see the Nahuan and Sonoran form as deriving from a single proto-form. </div></td></tr>  </table>

Magnus https://sualex.cenzontle.org/index.php?title=Bat&diff=285&oldid=prev Magnus at 13:20, 25 April 2025 2025-04-25T13:20:09Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 06:20, 25 April 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l2">Line 2:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 2:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Bat scenario 1.jpeg|thumb|Scenario 2 for relation between "bat" etyma. Here Coracholan retains the PUA form ''*patsi''. Here minor Sonoran is united with Nahuan, while Tepima and Corachol are distinct]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Bat scenario 1.jpeg|thumb|Scenario 2 for relation between "bat" etyma. Here Coracholan retains the PUA form ''*patsi''. Here minor Sonoran is united with Nahuan, while Tepima and Corachol are distinct]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Southern Uto-Aztecan words for '''"bat"''' (order ''Chiroptera'') fall into relatively neat groupings of Nahuan, Coracholan, Tepiman, and Minor Sonoran, with a sub-distinction between Tarahumara-Guarijío-Ópatan vs. Cahitan. But a thorough analysis suggests that the forms in Nahuan and Minor Sonoran are derived from a single PSUA form *[[sopitsi]]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Southern Uto-Aztecan words for '''"bat"''' (order ''Chiroptera'') fall into relatively neat groupings of Nahuan, Coracholan, Tepiman, and Minor Sonoran, with a sub-distinction between Tarahumara-Guarijío-Ópatan vs. Cahitan. But a thorough analysis suggests that the forms in Nahuan and Minor Sonoran are derived from a single PSUA form *[[sopitsi]] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(or potentially just ''*sopi'')</ins>. </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Nahuan''': The relationship between the Nahuan form and the Minor Sonoran forms is obscured by two things: 1. That soundchanges has reduced *sopi to the syllable ''tsi-'' and ''tso-'' (intermediary steps *''tsoi'' < *''tsohi'') which only appears in compound forms ''[[tsina:ka]]'', ''[[tsona:ka]]'' and ''[[sotso]]''. 2. That the forms with tso are limited to a handful of dialects, and the best known form is the one with tsi-, which looks less likely to be related to ''*sopi'' than ''*tso''. Nevertheless, the changes follow regular patterns, and even explain the unexpected lack of palatalization in the Nahuan root ''tsi''. Recognizing these facts allows us to see the Nahuan and Sonoran form as deriving from a single proto-form. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Nahuan''': The relationship between the Nahuan form and the Minor Sonoran forms is obscured by two things: 1. That soundchanges has reduced *sopi to the syllable ''tsi-'' and ''tso-'' (intermediary steps *''tsoi'' < *''tsohi'') which only appears in compound forms ''[[tsina:ka]]'', ''[[tsona:ka]]'' and ''[[sotso]]''. 2. That the forms with tso are limited to a handful of dialects, and the best known form is the one with tsi-, which looks less likely to be related to ''*sopi'' than ''*tso''. Nevertheless, the changes follow regular patterns, and even explain the unexpected lack of palatalization in the Nahuan root ''tsi''. Recognizing these facts allows us to see the Nahuan and Sonoran form as deriving from a single proto-form. </div></td></tr>  </table>

Magnus https://sualex.cenzontle.org/index.php?title=Bat&diff=284&oldid=prev Magnus at 13:19, 25 April 2025 2025-04-25T13:19:38Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 06:19, 25 April 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l4">Line 4:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 4:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Southern Uto-Aztecan words for '''"bat"''' (order ''Chiroptera'') fall into relatively neat groupings of Nahuan, Coracholan, Tepiman, and Minor Sonoran, with a sub-distinction between Tarahumara-Guarijío-Ópatan vs. Cahitan. But a thorough analysis suggests that the forms in Nahuan and Minor Sonoran are derived from a single PSUA form *[[sopitsi]]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Southern Uto-Aztecan words for '''"bat"''' (order ''Chiroptera'') fall into relatively neat groupings of Nahuan, Coracholan, Tepiman, and Minor Sonoran, with a sub-distinction between Tarahumara-Guarijío-Ópatan vs. Cahitan. But a thorough analysis suggests that the forms in Nahuan and Minor Sonoran are derived from a single PSUA form *[[sopitsi]]. </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Nahuan''': The relationship between the Nahuan form and the Minor <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Sonoroan </del>forms is obscured by two things: 1. That soundchanges has reduced *sopi to the syllable ''tsi-'' and ''tso-'' (intermediary steps *''tsoi'' < *''tsohi'') which only appears in compound forms ''[[tsina:ka]]'', ''[[tsona:ka]]'' and ''[[sotso]]''. 2. That the forms with tso are limited to a handful of dialects, and the best known form is the one with tsi-, which looks less likely to be related to ''*sopi'' than ''*tso''. Nevertheless, the changes follow regular patterns, and even explain the unexpected lack of palatalization in the Nahuan root ''tsi''. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Nahuan''': The relationship between the Nahuan form and the Minor <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Sonoran </ins>forms is obscured by two things: 1. That soundchanges has reduced *sopi to the syllable ''tsi-'' and ''tso-'' (intermediary steps *''tsoi'' < *''tsohi'') which only appears in compound forms ''[[tsina:ka]]'', ''[[tsona:ka]]'' and ''[[sotso]]''. 2. That the forms with tso are limited to a handful of dialects, and the best known form is the one with tsi-, which looks less likely to be related to ''*sopi'' than ''*tso''. Nevertheless, the changes follow regular patterns, and even explain the unexpected lack of palatalization in the Nahuan root ''tsi''. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Recognizing these facts allows us to see the Nahuan and Sonoran form as deriving from a single proto-form. </ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Coracholan''': The proto-Coracholan form *[['átsi]] may be derived from this same form, or may potentially be a reflex of the PUA form *''patsi/*paCti'' reconstructed by Stubbs (2011#124; #125). </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Coracholan''': The proto-Coracholan form *[['átsi]] may be derived from this same form, or may potentially be a reflex of the PUA form *''patsi/*paCti'' reconstructed by Stubbs (2011#124; #125). </div></td></tr>  </table>

Magnus https://sualex.cenzontle.org/index.php?title=Bat&diff=283&oldid=prev Magnus at 13:18, 25 April 2025 2025-04-25T13:18:34Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 06:18, 25 April 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l2">Line 2:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 2:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Bat scenario 1.jpeg|thumb|Scenario 2 for relation between "bat" etyma. Here Coracholan retains the PUA form ''*patsi''. Here minor Sonoran is united with Nahuan, while Tepima and Corachol are distinct]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Bat scenario 1.jpeg|thumb|Scenario 2 for relation between "bat" etyma. Here Coracholan retains the PUA form ''*patsi''. Here minor Sonoran is united with Nahuan, while Tepima and Corachol are distinct]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Southern Uto-Aztecan words for '''"bat"''' fall into relatively neat groupings of Nahuan, Coracholan, Tepiman, and Minor Sonoran, with a sub-distinction between Tarahumara-Guarijío-Ópatan vs. Cahitan. But a thorough analysis suggests that the forms in Nahuan and Minor Sonoran are derived from a single PSUA form *[[sopitsi]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Southern Uto-Aztecan words for '''"bat"''' <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(order ''Chiroptera'') </ins>fall into relatively neat groupings of Nahuan, Coracholan, Tepiman, and Minor Sonoran, with a sub-distinction between Tarahumara-Guarijío-Ópatan vs. Cahitan. But a thorough analysis suggests that the forms in Nahuan and Minor Sonoran are derived from a single PSUA form *[[sopitsi]]. </div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Nahuan''': The relationship between the Nahuan form and the Minor Sonoroan forms is obscured by two things: 1. That soundchanges has reduced *sopi to the syllable ''tsi-'' and ''tso-'' (intermediary steps *''tsoi'' < *''tsohi'') which only appears in compound forms ''[[tsina:ka]]'', ''[[tsona:ka]]'' and ''[[sotso]]''. 2. That the forms with tso are limited to a handful of dialects, and the best known form is the one with tsi-, which looks less likely to be related to ''*sopi'' than ''*tso''. Nevertheless, the changes follow regular patterns, and even explain the unexpected lack of palatalization in the Nahuan root ''tsi''. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Nahuan''': The relationship between the Nahuan form and the Minor Sonoroan forms is obscured by two things: 1. That soundchanges has reduced *sopi to the syllable ''tsi-'' and ''tso-'' (intermediary steps *''tsoi'' < *''tsohi'') which only appears in compound forms ''[[tsina:ka]]'', ''[[tsona:ka]]'' and ''[[sotso]]''. 2. That the forms with tso are limited to a handful of dialects, and the best known form is the one with tsi-, which looks less likely to be related to ''*sopi'' than ''*tso''. Nevertheless, the changes follow regular patterns, and even explain the unexpected lack of palatalization in the Nahuan root ''tsi''. </div></td></tr>  </table>

Magnus